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Yogashikha Upanishad (critical study)

by Sujatarani Giri | 2015 | 72,044 words

This page relates ‘Pranayama Helping to Arise Kundalini� of the English study on the Yogashikha Upanishad—a key text from the Krishna Yajurveda, focusing on the pinnacle of Yogic meditation. This essay presents Yoga as a crucial component of ancient Indian philosophy and spirituality and underscores its historical roots in Vedic literature—particularly the Upanishads and Vedant. The chapters of this study are devoted to the faculties of the mind and internal body mechanisms such as Chakras as well as the awakening of Kundalini.

Go directly to: Footnotes.

Part 3 - ʰṇ峾 Helping to Arise ṇḍī

Literally ʰṇ峾 means controlled intake and output of air through regulated breathing. But in actual practice it has a deeper meaning. It actually means the control of the cellular metabolism of the entire body as a result of regulated supply of oxygenated blood to various organs and tissues leading to the optimum release of energy for performance, various bodily and mental functions. In the ordinary sense ṇa can be equated with breath but in a deeper sense it can also be take as energy liberated in the body at the level of each cell. Hence, breathing in and out is the visible gross meaning of ṇ峾, whereas cellular respiration leading to liberation and utilization of energy in the organs is the real meaning of the word. However, both are but intimately related, because of the visible breathing stops for more than five minutes, there is an irreversible change in the cells of the brain, leading to death of a person. Similarly if the breathing is there but the cells of various organs do not get the oxygenated blood due to failure of the heart, then also the person dies due to lack of oxygen. Therefore, ṇ峾 is the most important exercise which has a far reaching effect on the liberation and utilisation of the vital energy throughout the body. The whole nervous system, especially the brain is the most sensitive organ for effecting an increase or decrease in the organ supply. However, if a good ṇ峾 exercise is carried out according to the standard traditional technique, it will activate the entire brain, spinal cord and the autonomic nervous system.[1]

Normally there are 3 components of breathing i.e., inhalation, exhalation and stoppage of breath. They are termed ū첹, recaka and kumbhaka respectively. These three combined form a breath unit. With one nostril open and the other closed the atmospheric energy is breathed in this is called �ū첹�. This energy is then retain in the body by the holding of the breath. This is called �kumbhaka�. After this, the closed nostril is opened and th opened nostril and the breath is let out. This is �recaka�.

During the kumbhaka stage (breath retention) of ṇ峾, when the inhaling of outside energy with the oxygen is stop and the exhaling of carbonic acid gas is prevented, the venosity of the blood is increased and this increased venosity of the blood has a powerful effect in the stimulated origin of the ṇḍī to action. The longer the breath is retained the more powerful is the effect on the ṇḍī. By this process the current generated proceeds through the whole length of ṇḍī till it arborises in ṇiū-, which is indirectly connected with the ṣṭԲ (hypogastric) and ܱ (plevic) cakra.[2]

For awakening ṇḍī one should practice ṇ峾 more vigorously at least 4 times a day, i.e. in the morning, after noon, evening and at night. One should always sit comfortably on the floor or on hard wooden seat. The environment should be good, peaceful and without much distraction. ʰṇ峾 should always be performed on empty stomach, at least three hours after taking food or drink and not when one is tired or agitated. It should be practiced as far as possible in a fixed place with a pleasant and clean environment. At first, after taking a deep expiration one closes one nostril with middle finger, then one takes a deep inspiration for 4 seconds, holds it for 16 seconds and expires the air in 7 seconds. Following this ratio, he repeats the performance through the other nostril, by closing the first one by the thumb. In this manner one carries on breathing exercises, 20 times, slowly and steadily. This gives the practitioner a feeling of lightness of the whole body and also a feeling of warmth in the surface of skin indicating an improved circulation with fully oxygenated blood throughout the body. Later on when one becomes more experienced one can double the ratio from 4 seconds to 8 seconds for inspiration, 32 seconds for holding and 16 seconds for expiration. However, such a change should be done very carefully and gradually. Otherwise it may but a severe strain on the heart and lungs of the practitioner leading to very harmful effects. Therefore, one should make such a change only when one’s health permits to do so without the slightest evidence of any discomfort. ʰṇ峾 should be carried out regularly through out the year. By this process one can always see that the nervous system which is highly sensitive to the oxygen intake becomes always alert and therefore it becomes easier for the practitioners of ṇḍī yoga to achieve the goal of its awakening at a much faster rate than otherwise. However, a regular practice of ṇ峾 is the integral part of ṇḍī awakening.

Practice of ṇḍī Awakening:

There are many methods of this much loss. It is dangerous to start the practice of ṇḍī awakening without personal supervision of a Guru or Teacher.

The technique:—The practitioner sits in a comfortable posture (ܰԲ) or lotus posture (貹峾Բ) in a seat of folded blanket or kuṣan. At first he performs ṇ峾 20 times according to the method. Thereafter he closes his eyes and fixes his mind internally on the different cakras one by one from below upwards for a minute. At first he fixes his mind on the ū cakra for a minute from the lowermost part of the spine to the genitals. In each cakra, one creates fine vibrations by the respective plexuses of nerves. Therefore, the anatomical knowledge of these plexuses of nerves and the organs supplied by them is essential for proper understanding. Thus in each cakra the practitioner fixes and concentrates his mind consciously and produces fine vibrations in the region including the organs supplied by the cakra. This naturally and more liberation of energy for better functioning of the organs and tissues of the region. After ū cakra he takes his mind in the same way around and inside the ṣṭԲ cakra in the lowermost part of the abdomen for another minute. This he takes his mind and allows it to concentrate on the upper part of the abdomen above the umbilicus (ṇiܰ cakra) where most of the abdominal viscera are situated. Then he takes the mind further up in the chest for concentrating in the heart one lungs (anāhata cakra) for the next one minute then he takes the mind upwards and fixes it for a minute on the vśuddha cakra in the throat including larynx and trachea. This should be followed by the fixing up of attention on the lower part of the brain (ājñā cakra) for a minute. Finally the practitioner fixer up his attention on the cerebral cortex for three minutes. Immediately after this ṇ峾 should be performed on repeated 10 times followed by concentration on various cakras in the reverse order and ṇ峾 again repeated 10 times. Day by day with the progress of concentration of the mind on these cakras he experiences an ever increasing feeling of well-being and ultimately becomes a person of grater enlightment than others. He becomes more sobar and calm and becomes less irrigated when he faces any stressful situation. This is one of the methods of achieving the goal of ṇḍī awakening and should normally be practiced over a period of many years.[3]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

‌Stress and its Management of Yoga, p.195.

[2]:

‌YDz, p.79.

[3]:

‌Stress and its Management by Yoga, p.198.

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