Vasudevavijaya of Vasudeva (Study)
by Sajitha. A | 2018 | 50,171 words
This page relates ‘Taddhita (in Sanskrit grammar)� of the study on the Vasudevavijaya of Vasudeva from the 11th century A.D. The Vasudevavijayam is an educational poem belonging to the Shastra-Kavya category of technical Sanskrit literature. The Vasudevavijayam depicts in 657 verses the story of Lord Krishna while also elucidates the grammatical rules of the Ashtadhyayi of Panini (teaching the science of grammar). The subject-content of the poem was taken from the tenth Skandha of the Bhagavatapurana.
Taddhita (in Sanskrit grammar)
The suffix ruled from derived ʲ to derive a noun is Taddhita. There are several categories dealt with in this head such as 貹ٲ, 鲹ⲹٳ첹, ٳܰٳ첹, Śṣi첹, ʰ岵īⲹīⲹ, Ṭh첹 etc.
ܻ𱹲 illustrates all there rules in his poem and through these examples the readers will get with the Taddhita nouns. Now in this section, an attempt is made to bring forth some rules and their illustrations for Taddhita.
Here, for the first, an example for 貹ٲ taken for discussion. The rule 徱ٲⲹ徱ٲⲹ徱ٲⲹ貹ٲܳٳٲ貹ṇṇⲹ� (4/1/85) is illustrated in the verse,
samastavittāmadhijagmuṣa� svato ⲹٲ� prajeśā� śrutimadhyagīṣata |
پپṣaṇāp � kṣamāpa ta� nṛpībhavaddaityabharārditā vidhim || (ܻ𱹲vijaya 1.2)
Here, the word daitya is example for Taddhita noun. The affix ṇy comes, the proper names diti, aditi and 徱ٲⲹ, and that which has the word pati as its final member. In the example, dite� apatyam = 岹ٲⲹ� | diti+ ṇy =>diti+ ya =>daitya (taddhiteṣvacāmoda�)ṛd for the initial vowel).
The rule ٰīṃsābhyā� ԲñsԲñau bhavanāt (4/1/87) means that the affixes Բñ and sԲñ come after the words and ṃs respectively.
The rule’s example is given in the following verse,
svānyāhata staiṇamurāṃsi yadviṣāṃ Ծٲⲹ� na codāyata yatparojana� |
soṣūpyamāṇa� sa tamekajāgṛvi� vāvaśyamano jagatā� śamastavīt || (ܻ𱹲vijaya 1.11)
H ere word ٰṇa is used here as an example for this rule. ٰī+ Բñ � ٰṇa | (ٰīṇāṃ ū�)
The following verse, includes the illustrations for several rules regarding 貹ٲ.
tato visṛjyāśvapatādi śaurirdaityaripādābjavilātṛcetā� |
� ca ⲹ� ca nanāma ṣi� gārgyāyṇādīṃśca munīṃsrivedān || (ܻ𱹲vijaya 1.62)
Here, firstly the word ś貹ٲ is given. It forms example for the rule ś貹ٲⲹ徱ⲹś (4/1/64). The affix � comes after words like ś貹پ etc. as per this rule. aśvapatīnā� ū� āśvapatam | ś貹پ + � � ś貹پ + a � āśvapata |
Another word is daitya which is an example for 徱ٲⲹ徱ٲⲹ徱ٲⲹ貹ٲܳٳٲ貹ṇṇⲹ� (4/1/85) | diti+ ṇy� ditya� daitya |
Then the rule gargādibhyo ⲹñ (4/1/105) is illustrated as ⲹ | The affix ⲹñ comes in the sense of a Gotra descendant, after the words Garga etc. garga + ⲹñ � ⲹ � gargasya gotrāpatyam |
Then the word gārgyāyṇa is an example for the rule ⲹññośca (4/1/101). The affix phak is added to denote a descendant after a nominal stem formed by the affixes ⲹñ and ñ | The word gārgyāyṇa is used in the sense of gārgasya gotrāpatyam |/yuvāpatyam | garga + phak garga + ⲹñ (gargādibhyo ⲹñ) � ⲹ � ⲹ + + phak � ⲹ + ⲹ + a (ⲹeyīnīyiya� phaḍhhachaghā� pratyayādīnām (7/1/2) � gārgyāyṇa� |
Another word ṣi is used as an example for ٲñ (4/1/95) | 岹ṣasya apatyam ṣi | 岹ṣa+ ñ � ṣa+ i� ṣi� |
The rules regarding 貹ٲ are well explained and illustrated in ܻ𱹲vijaya These affixes are an inevitable part of the language; hence they cannot be excluded. Besides the 貹ٲs there are numerous affixes under several heads. Some examples for them generally have shown here. The rule Բ徱 ḍh (4/2/97) is ordained that the affix ḍh comes after the word Բī etc.
Example for this rule is given is the verse,
ⲹtoyāgamadurnivāra� paurastyapākāhatidṛṣṭakarmā |
ܻⲹԲԲ屹辱 ٳ sadbhyo mābhidruhattvā� sa 첹ṃs� || (ܻ𱹲vijaya 3.32)
The word ⲹ is used in the sense of pertaining to river.�nadyā� bhavam ⲹ� | As per the above stated rule the affix ḍh is to be employed. Then, Բī+ ḍh will be replaced by ey by the application of ⲹeyīnīyiya� phaḍhhachathā� pratyayādīnām | Բī+ ey + a � ṛd to the initial vowel (kiti ca) | ⲹ |
ܻ𱹲 has incorporated the subsequent rule’s example in the above verses itself. i.e. 岹ṣiṇāpśٱܰٲⲹ (4/2/98). The rule means that after the words 岹ṣiṇ�, 貹ś, and puras the affix tyakis added. Here the word paurastya is given as example for this. puras + tyak� ṛd to the initial vowel as per kiti ca � paurastya� paurastya |
The first verse of the second Canto of ܻ𱹲vijaya, holds examples for Taddhita affixes. The verse runs as follows:�
kṛṣṇāṅghribhakterupacaskare'tho bhikṣūṃśca ṣҲpaṭānabhakta |
kartavyamātre paṭimānamāṭīt sā 𱹲ī ṣi첹pāṇipādā || (ܻ𱹲vijaya 2.1)
In this verse, the word ṣҲ is formed with a Taddhita affix � as per the rule tena ٲ� 岵 (4/2/1). The rule ordains that the affix � comes after the name of a colour in the sense of coloured thereby.
The verb ñ means to change the white colour in to another colour; that by which a thing is coloured is called 岵� colour.
In the word ṣҲ, affix ṇis got added with the word ṣҲ | ṛd for the initial vowel (taddhiteṣvacāmāde�) | � ṣҲ | kaṣāyeṇa ٲ� ṣҲm |
Another rule exemplified here in the verse is ṣārdzś첹첹岹ṭṭ (4/2/2). The word ṣi첹 in the verse forms example for this. As per this rule, the affix ṻ comes, in the sense of coloured there by, after the words ṣa and dz etc. In the example, the word ṣa has employed the affix ṻ, ṣ� + ṻ� ṻ is replaced by ika� ṣ� + ika� lakṣika |
In this manner ܻ𱹲 illustrates most of the rules regarding Taddhitas. But ܻ𱹲 has elided some of them as it is impossible to include all the Taddhita forms and rules in a poem. A large number of rules were there in ṣṭī regarding this topic. However ܻ𱹲 tried to illustrate most of the rules on this section.