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Varahi Tantra (English Study)

by Roberta Pamio | 2014 | 29,726 words

This English essay studies the Varahi Tantra and introduces the reader to the literature and philosophy of the Shakta Tradition to which this text belongs. These Shakta Tantras are doctrines where the Mother Goddess is conceived as the Supreme deity who is immanent and transcendental at the same time. The Varahitantra (lit. the "Doctrine of th...

Abstract

The īٲԳٰ is an important text of the Kaula Tradition which seems to have not been published before.

This research project consists of two parts: the first comprises an introduction to the literature and philosophy of the Śٲ Tradition in order to place the īٲԳٰ within the larger context of Tāntrik Literature; an extensive exposition of the contents of the īٲԳٰ manuscripts which we collected; and a study on the two available manuscripts, necessary to comprehend the methodology adopted in the critical edition. The second part consists of the critical edition of fifteen chapters of the īٲԳٰ, which constitutes the core of this research.

First Part: Introduction to the ī Tantra and a study

Two introductions to the īٲԳٰ have been presented, one in Sanskrit and the other in English: [...]

The īٲԳٰ is considered to be one of the sixty-four non-dual Tantras and is often quoted in Tāntrik compendia and manuals composed by illustrious 貹ṇḍٲ. There are four different texts which we managed to examine bearing the title īٲԳٰ: the first of these (ī Tantra), upon which the present work is based, is a text belonging to the Kaula tradition (ī Tantra 3.7). The second (ī Tantra), consisting of fifty chapters and 2545 verses, was revealed in the form of a dialogue between ղ and ī. The third text is in the form of a dialogue between Śrī Kṛṣṇa and 󾱰. The fourth (VVK), also called the ղī첹貹, is a Bauddha Tantra.

The present research is based upon the ܱ岵 "īٲԳٰ" (ī Tantra), of which we edited the first fifteen chapters; for the critical edition we consulted two main manuscripts: one belongs to the Kaiser Library of the Government of Nepal (Kathmandu) and the other is preserved in the ī Library of Sampūrṇānanda Sanskrit University (ղṇaī).

Śٲ Tantra�

The Śٲ Tantras are doctrines where the Supreme, who is immanent and transcendental at the same time, is conceived of as the Mother Goddess. Throughout all the various philosophical systems and doctrines, the Goddess is worshipped as the one and multiform Supreme Reality; nevertheless it is in the non-dual Saiva, Śٲ and in particular the Kaula doctrines that the non-dual view and the Śٲ way of worship have a special position. Among all the Ś and Śٲ Āgamas the ܱśٰ are said to reveal the most secret path.

The ī Tantra�

The ī Tantra (lit. the "Doctrine of the Boar-Goddess") on which is based this research (i.e., the ī Tantra) is a Śٲ Tantra and it is found in various lists of the sixty-four Bhairava Tantras, such as in the DZ, ܱ屹ī, Ѳ󲹲ٲԳٰ, ٲⲹṣoḍaśṇaٲԳٰ and the ܱūḍāmṇiٲԳٰ. The ī Tantra, consisting of 2545 verses, refers to a īٲԳٰ of 6303 verses, which is approximately the same number of verses as in the ī Tantra manuscript that we used. In any event, we can neither be assured that the īٲԳٰ on which this research is based is the same one mentioned in the various lists of sixty-four Bhairava Tantras, nor that these lists actually refer to the same text, since there are at least four Tantras carrying this same name.

The Goddess ī�

The Goddess ī is well known in the Śٲ as well as in the Bauddha Tāntrik literatures, where she is worshipped both either as the main Goddess or as part of a group of goddesses, usually numbering seven or eight, called the ṛk. In the ī Tantra she is variously called Svapnavārāhī, Sundarīkālī, Vajravārāhī and Nīlavārāhī. She is also worshipped in the groups of the Eight Mothers, the Sixty-four ۴Dzī, the Six Mistresses of the six Traditions and the Sixteen Mothers.

Contents of the īٲԳٰ

Summery of the thirty-six chapters of the ī Tantra

Analysis of the manuscripts of the ī Tantra

The following critical edition on the first fourteen chapters of the ī Tantra has been made from two manuscripts, called for simplification manuscripts �. and �.

Overview of the script of the manuscripts and the critical edition�

The two manuscripts are written in ٱ𱹲岵ī script; nevertheless, there is an influence of the Nevārī script, in particular in manuscript �.

Second Part: Critical Edition

The second part of this research consists of a critical edition of the first fifteen chapters of the īٲԳٰ and it comprehends extensive critical notes, different readings in the two manuscripts (ṻԳٲ), possible readings of the text (śⲹٳ) and similar readings in other Tantras.

Appendixes

The research concludes with three appendixes: the first appendix shows various characters of the script of both the manuscripts; in the second appendix the verses of the īٲԳٰ referred in various compilations have been examined; and in the third appendix some verses of the īٲԳٰ have been compared with similar verses of other texts.

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