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both in myth and cult. The earliest literary reference which has been
preserved is to a Delphic myth. It is from a poem of Alcaeus
(600. B.C.). When Apollo was born zeus intended him to go to Delphi
to dispense law to the Hellenes. Instead, he made use of the swan -
chariot with which he had been provided to fly to the land of the
Hyperboreans, where he remained for a whole year before turning
back to Delphi in response to the paean, song anddances of the young
men with which the Delphians had been invoking him.
What then of the Asiatic side? Its champions start from Apollo's
ancient epithet Lykios or Lykoes, which they say means Lycian, of
Lycia in Asia minor. The alternative is to interpret it as "wolf-God"
which was the interpretation of the Greeks themselves.
Support for the Asiatic origin of Apollo is found in the fact that at
most of his great cult centres on the mainland of Greece he appears as
an intruder.
At Delphi the Greeks recognized this themselves, at other places
there is clear evidence that he has taken over the worship previously
paid to another god.
v) Hermes
He was given a phallas to promote fertility and finally emerged
as a fully human figure. Yet even the herms which stood infront of
Athenian houses in the fifth century had not thrown off all traces at
their origin, but were no more than half human in shape. Since the
pillar and cairn were set by the wayside to serve as landmarks, the