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The goddess Prthivi is nearly always associated with the earth, the terrestrial sphere where human beings live. In the Rgveda,

53 furthermore, she is almost always coupled with Dyaus, the male deity associated with the sky. So interdependent are these two deities in the, Rgveda that prthivi is rarely addressed alone but almost always as part of the dual compound dyavaprthivi, sky-earth. Together, they are said to be the universal parents who created the world and the gods. As might he expected Dyaus is often called father and Prthivi mother. There is the implication that once upon a time the two were closely joined but were subsequently parted at Varuna's decree. They come together again when Dyaus fertilizes the earth with rain, although in some cases it is said that together they provide abundant rain it is not clear to what extent Prthivi should be exclusively associated with the earth alone and not the sky as well. The most extended hymn in praise of Prthivi in Vedic literature is found in the Atharva-Veda. In Sun, Prthivi is a stable, fertile benign presence in Vedic literature. The Rgveda nearly always links her with the male god dyaus, but in the Atharvaveda and later Vedic literature she emerges as an independent being. RV. VI. 70.1.5, V. 84.1.2.3, I. 160, I. 4.