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Vayu, Pitta and Kapha pervade the whole body (CS.Su. 20:9), their general seats being the lower, middle and upper portions of the body, as we have already said. Charaka and Susruta have also mentioned the particular parts of the body where the normal Dosas generally accumulate. are: 1. 2. (1) According to Charaka (CS.Su.20:8) the seats of Vayu Vasti (Urinary bladder) Purisadhana (intestines, purisadhanah PakvasayahCakrapani) 3. Kati (Pelvis) 4. The two theighs 5. The two legs 6. The bones Of these, the Pakvasaya is the special seat of Vayu. We shall see that when describing the five kinds of Vayu, Charaka mentions different locations for them. Cakrapani explains that the above are the special seats of Vayu generally take root. The intestines have been mentioned as the special seat of Vayu remains normal, the Vayu at other places also remains normal. By bringing down the aggravated Vayu of this place, the Vayus in other parts of the body also are calmed down.

(2) The seats of Pitta are 275 1. Sveda (Sweat) 2. Rasa (Chyle) 3. Lasika (the scum of the body water Lasikau 4. Blood dasaya picchabhagad Cakrapani : The watery part of muscles and skin) 20.8). 5. Amasaya Of these Amasaya is the special seat of Pitta (CS.Su. (3) The seats of Kapha are - 1. Uras (thorex) 2. Siras (head) 3. Griva (neck) 4. The joints 5. Amasaya 6. Medas (fat) Of these, Uras is the special seat of Slesman (CS.Su.20:8). Susruta has first briefly stated the special seats of Vayu, Pitta and Kapha (SS.Su.21:6). 'Vayu' he says, 'resides between the Sroni and Guda. The Pakvasaya is situated above this region and below the umblicus. The seat of Pitta is between the Pakvasaya and Amasaya. The seat of Kapha is the Amasaya'.

276 We see, therefore, that Amasaya has been mentioned by Charaka as the seat of both Pitta and Kapha. Susruta, however, mentions Amasaya as being situated between the umbilicus and the niplles (Nabhi-stanantaram Jantoramasaya iti smritah (CS.Vi.2:17). Charaka's Amasaya is that part of the alimentary canal where the digestion of food primarily takes place (Asitam Khaditam pitam lidham yantra vipacyate, ibid) so this Amasaya is the stomach together with the first the duodenum, part of the intestines which is situated just above the umbilieus. When Charaka says that the seat of Pitta is Amasaya, he means the lower portion of it, the duodenum. The seat of Kapha is the upper portion of Amasaya, the stomach (CS.Su.2018). Susruta's Amasaya is the stomach alone, and when he says that the seat of Pitta is between the Amasaya and the Pakvasaya, he means the duodenum. As regards the term 'Pakvasaya' there is some confusion Charaka has first used the term 'Purisadhana' and has then mentioned 'Pakvasaya' as the special seat of Vayu. Susruta says Vayu is 'Sroni-guda-samsgrayah'. Sroni is the hipbone and Guda is the anus or the anal bone (Coccy ). The region between these two is the pelvic cavity. It contains in the recent subject, the sigmoid colon, rectum, urinary bladder and some of the organs of generation. 'Purisadhana' means the receptacle for faces so by 'Pakvasaya' as the special seat of Vayu, we should take the rectum and the sigmoid colon, that is to say, the 'last portion of

277 the large intestines. This is also in conformity with Susrusta when again he says in Nidana-sthana, 'the residence' - Pakvadhana guda tayah of Vayu is Pakvadhana and Guda S.Nt 1:9'. Pakvadhana literally means receptacle for the fully digested food. Guda here means the Guda-nadi i.e. the rectum, Arunadutta in his commentary on Vagbhata also says that because the fully digested food i.e. the faces collects there, it is called Pakvadhana or Pakvasaya (AH.I.12). The term Pakvasaya, however, is generally used for the portion of the intestines below the umbilicus 'Pakvasayo hyadbo naveh'- Raja-nighantu. During the digestion of food, fresh Vayu is produced largely in the intestines, Pitta in the duodenum and Kapha in the stomach. So these places have been called the special seats of Vayu, Pitta and Kapha.