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The body in early Hatha Yoga

by Ruth Westoby | 2024 | 112,229 words

This page relates ‘Note on translation� of study dealing with the body in Hatha Yoga Sanskrit texts.—This essay highlights how these texts describe physical practices for achieving liberation and bodily sovereignty with limited metaphysical understanding. Three bodily models are focused on: the ascetic model of ‘baking� in Yoga, conception and embryology, and Kundalini’s affective processes.

Note on translation

Sanskrit proper nouns are not capitalised to retain the ambiguity of abstract concepts such as °ì³ÜṇḲ¹±ô¾±²ÔÄ«, Å›²¹°ì³Ù¾±, Å›¾±±¹²¹ and brahman. Occasionally, I will deploy capitalising and non-italicising where the context indicates personified deities rather than concepts (i.e. Åšiva etc.). This is important for my argument as I do not wish to suggest °ì³ÜṇḲ¹±ô¾±²ÔÄ« or Å›²¹°ì³Ù¾± are only to be understood as anthropomorphic feminine deities. Throughout I include Sanskrit terms for the body and epithets for °ì³ÜṇḲ¹±ô¾±²ÔÄ« to indicate the range of terms used. Elsewhere I only include Sanskrit terms where it significantly clarifies the meaning.

Primary sources have been translated and paraphrased in English with the Sanskrit in appendices where not published (i.e. the ¶Ù²¹³Ù³ÙÄå³Ù°ù±ð²â²¹²â´Ç²µ²¹Å›Äå²õ³Ù°ù²¹, ³Ò´Ç°ù²¹°ìá¹£aÅ›²¹³Ù²¹°ì²¹, ³Õ¾±±¹±ð°ì²¹³¾Äå°ù³Ù²¹á¹‡á¸²¹ and ³Û´Ç²µ²¹²úÄ«Âá²¹). The Sanskrit for primary sources that are available in published editions has not been included. The editions that I refer to are indicated in the corpus summary in the introduction. Where I occasionally use different editions, this is referenced in the main body. The Sanskrit for wider literature has been included in footnotes when not readily available in published editions.

I do not offer new translations where suitable translations are available. Some sources are not available in translation, such as the ³Û´Ç²µ²¹²úÄ«Âá²¹, and in this case I offer translations. Unless indicated otherwise translations are my own.

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