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Samkhya thoughts in the Mahabharata

by Shini M.V. | 2017 | 51,373 words

This page relates ‘Garhastya (The life of house holders)� of the study of Samkhya thought and philosophy as reflected in the Shanti-Parva of the Mahabharata. Samkhya represents one of the six orthodox schools of Indian Philosophy and primarily deals with metaphysical knowledge and explains the Universe without the need to introduce God. The Mahabharata is an ancient Sanskrit epic which includes many Sankhya theories while expounding twenty-five principles.

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Gārhastya (The life of house holders)

Next comes the life of house holders. It can be explained as all the pious acts and characteristic marks of that mode. This mode of life is appointed for those who, having lived the full term in the preceptor’s house, return home, who are of pious conduct, who wish the fruits of a virtuous life with their wives. In it exist virtue, profit and pleasure. It is suited to the cultivation of the three fold objects of life. Acquiring riches by irreproachable acts or with wealth of great efficacy which is got from recitation of the Vedas or living upon means followed by the regenerate ṛṣīs or with the produce of mountains and mines or with the wealth of offerings made in sacrifices and on the finish of vows and other observances made to gods. The house-holder should lead this mode of life, that mode of life is considered as the root of all others. Those who live in the houses of preceptors, those who lead lives of mendicancy, and others who observe vows and restraints derive from this mode the means they live upon, the offerings they make to the departed manes and the gods and in short their entire support.[1]

There are allowed in a householders life viz., the use and enjoyment of garlands, ornaments, dresses, perfumed oils and scents enjoyment of pleasures accruing from dancing and music both vocal and instrumental and all pleasant items of food and drinks belonging to beast kinds of eddibles viz., those are sucked and the enjoyment of pleasures derivable from sports and all sorts of amusement and the gratification of desires. That men following this mode of life objects of life viz., religion, profit and pleasure as well as Emancipation the great end of the three qualities of goodness, darkness and Ignorance, enjoy great happiness in this world and at last attain the end reserved for virtuous and good persons.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

ٰṇaԾṛtپⲹⲹ Ծٲⲹ� gṛhāśrame |
sa sukhānyanubhūyeha śiṣṭānā� gatimāpnuyāt || Śāntiparva 191-17.

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