Rudra-Shiva concept (Study)
by Maumita Bhattacharjee | 2018 | 54,352 words
This page relates 鈥榁ajasaneyi-samhita (h): Epithets of different beings and tribes鈥� of the study on the Rudra-Shiva concept in the Vedic and Puranic literature, starting with the concept of God as contemplated by the Rishis (Vedic sages). These pages further deal with the aspects, legends, iconography and eulology of Rudra-Shiva as found in the Samhitas, Brahamanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads Sutras and Puranas. The final chapters deal with descriptions of his greatness, various incarnations and epithets.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
2. 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 (h): Epithets of different beings and tribes
In the 艢补迟补谤耻诲谤颈测补 section of the 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, some unique epithets of Rudra associating him with different classes of people have been found. He is represented as 碍耻濒耻帽肠腻苍腻峁� Pati or the presiding god of land-grabber.[1]
The word 办耻濒耻帽肠补 is illustrated by 惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补 as:
办耻峁� 产丑奴尘颈峁� k峁trag峁沨膩dir奴p膩峁� lu帽canti haranti 办耻濒耻帽肠补岣� 办耻迟蝉颈迟补峁� lu帽canti v膩...[2]
It means 办耻濒耻帽肠补 is one who grabs the field and house of human beings. He is also spoken as Taskar膩峁嚹佱箖 Pati or the lord of thieves, Mu峁ａ箛at膩峁� Pati, lord of swordbearers, lord of those who roam at night and the lord of plunderers.[3] 鲍惫补峁璦 takes the word taskara like thief.[4] According to 惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补, those who steal paddy, etc. from the paddy field is called 惭耻峁ａ箛补苍迟补 and their (mu峁ａ箛anta鈥檚) protector is called Mu峁ａ箛at膩峁� Pati.[5] He is invoked as Path墨n膩峁� Pati or the lord of paths, Pu峁ａ弓膩n膩峁� Pati or the lord of noble and prosperous people.[6] He is also addressed as 厂补产丑腻辫补迟颈 or the lord of assemblies, 础艣惫补辫补迟颈 or master of horses,[7] 骋补峁嘺辫补迟颈 or the lord of troops,[8] Satvan膩峁� Pati or the lord of those who came to his refuge, 膧vy膩dhin墨n膩峁� Pati or the master of brave soldiers who shoot from all sides.[9]
Besides these above mentioned epithets, Rudra is portrayed as Jagat膩峁� Pati or the lord of the universe, Ann膩n膩峁� Pati or the lord of food, K峁tr膩峁嚹佱箖 Pati or the lord of fields.[10] He is called 叠峁沨补迟, Prathama,[11] 莫艣腻苍补, 叠丑补驳补惫腻苍,[12] 顿颈艣腻峁� Pati or the lord of all regions as well as Pa艣奴n膩峁� Pati or the lord of animals,[13] V峁沰峁Ｄ佱箛膩峁� Pati or the lord of trees, Au峁dh墨n膩峁� Pati or the lord of medicinal plants.[14]
In this 艢补迟补谤耻诲谤颈测补 补诲丑测腻测补 of the 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, Rudra is portrayed as the deity not only in the higher castes but in lower castes also. Homage is paid to Rudra who reveals himself in the chariot-makers, potters, carpenters, blacksmiths, 苍颈峁Ｄ乨补蝉 and pu帽ji峁ａ弓has.[15]
惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补 remarks that:
According to S膩ya峁嚹乧膩rya,
pak峁pu帽j膩n膩峁� gh膩tak膩岣� pu帽ji峁ａ弓h膩岣�.[17]
From these references it can be understood that ni峁Ｄ乨膩s are a class of people or tribes who are carnivorous and who roam in the mountains and pu帽ji峁ａ弓has are those who kill birds. According to P.M. Rath, Bhilla is a class of tribes.[18]
A reference has been found in the 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, where the Adhvaryu, a Yajurvedic priest says addressing the horse 迟丑耻蝉鈥�
pra t奴rvannehyavakr膩manna艣ast墨 rudrasya 驳腻峁嘺辫补迟测补峁� 尘补测辞产丑奴谤别丑颈.[19]
R.T.H. Griffith defines the meaning of this mantra as:
鈥淐ome, speeding on and trampling imprecations, come gladdening to the chieftainship of Rudra.鈥�[20]
This reference has cleared that Rudra is prayed as 骋补峁嘺辫补迟颈 or lord of hosts.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
nama u峁ａ箛墨峁峁噀 giricar膩ya kulu帽c膩n膩峁� pataye namo...||痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 16.22
[2]:
惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补, Ibid.
[3]:
...st膩y奴n膩峁� pataye namo...taskar膩峁嚹佱箖 pataye namo...mu峁ａ箛at膩峁� pataye namo...vik峁沶t膩n膩峁� pataye 苍补尘补岣� || 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 16.21
[4]:
taskara艣caura eva | 鲍惫补峁璦, Ibid.
[6]:
path墨n膩峁� pataye namo namo harike艣膩yopav墨tine pu峁ａ弓膩n膩峁� pataye 苍补尘补岣� || 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻,16.17
[7]:
苍补尘补岣モ�abh膩patibhya艣ca鈥艣vapatibhya艣ca vo namo nama鈥| Ibid., 16.24
[8]:
Ibid., 16.25
[9]:
鈥atvan膩峁� pataye namo 苍补尘补岣� 鈥δ乿y膩dhin墨n膩峁� pataye namo鈥| Ibid., 16.20
[10]:
...vy膩dhine鈥檔n膩n膩峁� pataye namo...jagat膩峁� pataye namo...k峁tr膩峁嚹佱箖 pataye namo...van膩n膩峁� pataye 苍补尘补岣� || Ibid., 16.18
[11]:
Ibid.,16.30
[12]:
sahasr膩峁噄 sahasra艣o b膩hvostava hetaya岣� | t膩s膩m墨艣膩no bhagva岣� par膩c墨n膩 尘耻办丑腻 k峁沝hi || Ibid., 16.53
[13]:
..di艣膩峁� ca pataye namo...pa艣奴n膩峁� pataye namo...|| Ibid., 16.17
[14]:
...v峁沰峁Ｄ佱箛膩峁� pataye namo...v膩rivask峁泃膩yau峁dh墨n膩峁� pataye namo...kak峁Ｄ佱箛膩峁� pataye namo...|| Ibid., 16.19
[15]:
Ibid., 16.27
[16]:
惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补, Ibid.
[17]:
厂腻测补峁嘺 on 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 4.5.4.14
[19]:
痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 11.15