Essay name: Nighantu (critical study)
Author:
Gopalakrishna N. Bhat
Affiliation: Karnatak University / Department of Sanskrit
This is an English study of the Nighantu and its commentary called the Nirukta by Yaska. The Nighantu is an ancient Sanskrit lexicon dealing with the words of the Vedic language. This essay presents a detailed analysis of the extant five chapters of this text and examines it's authorship, tracing meanings of words through Vedic texts by providing a comparative study involving Sayana's interpretations and connections with other texts like Amarakosa.
Chapter 4 - Second Adhyaya (chapter) of the Nighantu (study)
24 (of 107)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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289 23
. Pañcajanah: The word occurs in nine places, and the
number pañca occurs in four places; where it is used in the
same sense, (i.e. pañcajana). The word is compounded with vrāta
(IV.14.2), carsani� (VII.15.2), kṣitinā� (1.176.3) etc., which
are listed as the synonyms of 'men'. Sāyaṇa quoting Yaska
explains in detail. They are used in the sense of nisadadi
varṇa�, deva�, gandharvah, manusyah etc.
10 In
24. Vivasvantah: Its forms occur in thirty two places.
In eighteen places it is used in the sense of yajamana.
rest of the places vivasvata� is used as Yama (VIII.67.20),
Aditya (x.39.12), Vivasvatam (X.14.5; X.17.1); Manu (X.63.1;
VIII.52.1), etc.
-
25. Prtanā: The word occurs in fonty eight places. In
twenty nine places the word is interpreted as saṃgrama or yuddha
(war), In eighteen places it is used to mean senā (army).
�,11,
In one place sayaṇa explains it as people and says "It is a
synonym of man. The word is also listed in sangramanamani
(Nigh.2.17.19).
10.
11.
-
"गन्धर्वा� पितर�
. [gandharvā� pitaro
. ] 1.89 10. निषादप� चमाश्चत्वारो वर्णाः � यद्व� गन्धर्वा�,
पितर� देवा, असुर�, रक्षांसि � तदुक्त� यास्के�
�
देवा असुर� रक्षांसीत्येके चत्वार� वर्णाः, निषादः पञ्चमा इत्यौपमन्यवः �
�. [niṣādapa� camāścatvāro varṇāḥ | yadvā gandharvā�,
pitaro devā, asurā, rakṣāṃsi | tadukta� yāskena
|
devā asurā rakṣāṃsītyeke catvāro varṇāḥ, niṣāda� pañcamā ityaupamanyava� |
�. ] 1. 157.2. पृतनास� � अस्मदीयासु पुत्रभृत्याद� मनुष्यरूपा� प्रजास� �
पंतन� इत� मनुष्यना� �
इत� तन्नामसूक्तत्वात� �
[pṛtanāsu | asmadīyāsu putrabhṛtyādi manuṣyarūpāta prajāsu |
paṃtanā iti manuṣyanāma |
iti tannāmasūktatvāt |
] 'विवस्वन्तः, पृतनाः नि. [vivasvanta�, pṛtanā� ni. ] 2.3.25.8
यथ� पृतनास� परकीयासु प्रजास� �
�
[yathā pṛtanāsu parakīyāsu prajāsu |
|
]
