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It is definitely known that sciences in India had developed and achieved a great eminence at a time when Europe was passing through the dark period of the early middle ages. It is through the medium of the Arabian sciences that some of those Indian scientific concepts and inventions joined the main-stream of the Renaissance 43. bhajakasca tatha canyo rasirlekhyo vipascita | chedena gunayed rupam labdhamamsana mailayet || chedenamsa viparyasad gunayed rasiyugmake | || 4 bhajakena bhajed bhajyam bhinnabhago'yamidrsah || 2.2.122-123.

310 in Europe. A few notable names associated with different sciences in India during different periods are given 44 below. S.No. 1 Subject Medicine Scientist Bharadvaja 2 Atreya 3 Jivika 4 Period and Profession Around 800 B.C.Earliest Teacher of Ayurvedic Medicine 8 th Century B.C. Renowened teacher of Ayurvedic Medicine 6 th Century B.C. The Physician to lord Buddha Patanjali 2 nd Century B.C. Expounder of the Yoga doctrine. 5 " Caraka 6 7 11 釤� Susruta Vagbhata 2 nd Century B.C. Physician who compiled a treatise on Ayurvedic Medicine 1 st Century B.C.Surgeon A 6 th Century A.D. great Physician and Author of 'Astanga Hrdaya' a classic of Ayurvedic Medicine. 44. T.K.Ramachandra Iyer. 'A Short History of Sanskrit Literature' (R.S.Vadhyar and Sons, Book-seller and Publishers, Kalpathi 1977), pp-55-100. Cf. also Dr.W.K.Lele. 'The Doctrine of the Tantrayuktis (Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakashan, Varanasi 1981). Ed. Dr.P.Sri Ramachandradu, and V.Sundara Sarma. 'Sanskrita Kavi Jivitam' by Pandita M.S.Sastry. (Sanskrit Academy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 1982).

311 S. No. Subject 8 Medicine 9 10 Scientist Madhavaka Vrnda Salihotra 11 " Gadavara Misra 12 Astronomy Lagadha 13 Mathematics and AstroBaudhayana nomy 14 15 16 " 17 18 19 # Alchemistry Garga Aryabhatta Varahamitra Period and Profession 9 th Century A.D. Clinical diagnostician 10 th Century A.D.Ayurvedic Medicine 8 th Century B.C. Father of Ancient Indian Veterinary Sciences 12 th Century A.D. Veterinary Scientist 9 th Century B.C. The first known Astronomer 5 th Century B.C. The Geometer of the Vedic Atlas 3 rd Century B.C. The enumerator of the constettations 476 A.D. The Great Mathematician 499 A.D. Versatile Scientist 598 A.D. A great Mathematician Brahmagupta Bhaskara Nagarjuna 1114 A.D. Algebraist - 20 Philosopher Scientist 21 22 Kanada Kapila Gotama 8 th Century A.D. Creat Indian Alchemist 6 th Century B.C. Ancient Atomist Philosopher/Scientist 7 th Century B.C. Propounder of the theory of the creation of the universe 6 th century B.C. Originator of Ancient Indian Scientific Methodology 6 th Century B.C.Agriculturist. 23 Agriculture Khana

312 On the basis of the above information, it may be surmised that science was divided into many parts and studied intensively. 45 The word Sastra was originally applied to the various subjects of study connected with the Vedic religion and Hindu Philosophy, namely the traditionally recognised branches of learning. Gandharva-veda, Dhanur-veda, Artha-sastra and Ayurveda were recognised as Sastras, i.e. the means for acquiring correct knowledge. on the term Sastra was used to denote any branch of study that was treated on a scientific basis.