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1 Prabandha (厂补峁単墨迟补谤腻箩补)

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啶曕�嬥す啶侧じ啷嵿�� 啶�啶む�� 啶むぞ啶掂い啷� 啶多�嵿ぐ啷佮い啶苦ぐ啷嵿え啷�啶むた啶膏�嵿い啶ム�堗さ 啶� 啷� 啷оク 啷�
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modinyath膩nandin墨 ca 诲墨辫补苍墨 辫腻肠补苍墨 tath膩 || 18 ||
tar膩vall墨 tu pa帽ca syurj膩tayo bh膩rate mate |
kohalasya mate t膩vat 艣谤耻迟颈rn墨tistathaiva ca || 19 ||
sen膩 ca kavit膩 caiva camp奴岣� pa帽ceti sammat膩岣� |

鈥�(厂补峁単墨迟补谤腻箩补, G墨taratnako艣a, Prabandholl膩sa, S奴岣峚prabandha prakara峁嘺m, p.552)

Prabandhas are musical compositions that belong to the category of nibaddha 驳腻苍补. There are two important aspects relating to prabandhas namely 诲丑腻迟耻 and 补峁単补.

Dhatu refers to the sections of the composition. They are four in number, viz.

1. 耻诲驳谤腻丑补, 
2. 尘别濒腻辫补办补, 
3. dhruva and
4. 腻产丑辞驳补.

The 补峁単补s or limbs of prabandhas 补谤别鈥�

1. svara, 
2. biruda, 
3. pada, 
4. tenaka, 
5. 辫腻峁璦 and
6. 迟腻濒补.

i. Svara refers to the notes that are sung. These are to be pronounced as sa, ri, ga, etc.

ii. Biruda refers to the lyrics of the compostion which usually are in to form of expression of glories/ eulogies.

iii. Pada refers to the part of the lyrics apart from the eulogies. (i.e. svara, tenaka and 辫腻峁璦)

iv. Tenaka refers to meaningless text, usually terms expressive of the auspicious.

v. 笔腻峁璦 refers to the syllables of instruments such as 鈥�ta鈥�, 鈥�dhi鈥�, 鈥�tom鈥� etc.

vi. 罢腻濒补 refers to the measurement of time in the form of a rhythmic cycle. 

A Prabandha can have two, three, four, five or six 补峁単补s. Based on the number of 补峁単补s present, prabandhas are classified into five groups (箩腻迟颈蝉). 艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补 gives two sets of names of the 箩腻迟颈蝉 of prabandhas^[1].

These are presented in the following table:

S.No.	No. of 础峁単补蝉	Prabandha J膩ti	Alternate names for Prabandha J膩tis
i.	6	惭辞诲颈苍墨	艢谤耻迟颈
ii.	5	膧苍补苍诲颈苍墨	狈墨迟颈
iii.	4	顿墨辫颈苍墨	厂别苍腻
iv.	3	叠丑腻惫补苍墨	碍补惫颈迟腻
v.	2	罢腻谤腻惫补濒墨	颁补尘辫奴

Kumbha has also followed 艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补 in this regard. He also mentions two sets of names for the 箩腻迟颈蝉 of prabandhas. The only difference between what has been said in 厂补峁単墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 and 厂补峁単墨迟补谤腻箩补 is that the 箩腻迟颈 which is called 产丑腻惫补苍墨 by 艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补 is called 辫腻肠补苍墨 by Kumbha, and similarly, 尘别诲颈苍墨 is called 尘辞诲颈苍墨. Kumbha says that the nomenclature 鈥�尘辞诲颈苍墨鈥� etc. is on the authority of Bharata while 鈥�艣谤耻迟颈鈥� etc. is on that of Kohala. Another instance of Kohala following a parallel tradition.

2 Pa帽cat膩le艣vara Prabandha

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辫补帽肠补迟腻濒别艣惫补谤补辫谤补产补苍诲丑补岣�
pa帽cat膩le艣varo geyas迟腻濒补i艣c膩capu峁�膩dibhi岣� || 418 ||
尘腻谤驳补迟腻濒补iratha padaissaptavi峁兣沘tibhistath膩 |
膩d膩vat膩l腻濒腻辫补岣� sy膩dvirayukta峁� tata岣� param || 419 ||
ca峁僣atpu峁璭na t膩lena g膩tavya峁� padapa峁僣akam |
tatra p奴rvoktaniyama峁� vakti vi峁�峁環alanandana岣� || 420 ||
辫补诲补尘腻诲补耻 蝉惫补谤补岣� pa艣c膩ttata岣� 辫腻峁璦kram膩diti |
g墨tv膩 pad膩ni catv膩ri pa帽came tu pade'ntime || 421 ||
svarasthane tu 辫腻峁璦岣� sy膩t 辫腻峁璦sthane svaro 尘补迟补岣� |
tata岣� para峁� tvantar膩khya岣� 辫腻峁璦i岣� 辫补峁璦丑补sa峁僢havai岣� || 422 ||
vilamb膩nyalayenaiva dvi艣ca峁僣atpu峁璦m膩nata岣� |
geya岣� sy膩d 诲丑腻迟耻尘腻迟耻bhy膩mapunarvacana峁� yath膩 || 423 ||
颈迟测耻办迟补辫补帽肠补办补峁� 驳别测补峁� dviv膩ra峁� g墨tavedibhi岣� |
eva峁� c膩capu峁璭 pa峁僣apade tatr膩ntime'ntare || 424 ||
丑补耻岣岛办办补蝉补峁僢丑补惫腻岣� 辫腻峁�膩岣� prayojy膩岣� 辫腻峁璦vedibhi岣� |
峁�a峁璸it膩putrake峁嘺iva峁� g膩tavya峁� padapa帽cakam || 425 ||
tatr膩ntar膩hvavay膩岣� 辫腻峁�膩岣� 艣a峁僰ha惫腻诲测补samudbhav膩岣� |
sa峁僷akve峁ａ弓膩kat膩le tu pada峁�a峁璳a峁� vidh墨yate || 426 ||
tatr膩ntare k膩峁僺yat膩lodbhav膩岣� 辫腻峁�膩岣� 辫谤补办墨谤迟颈迟腻岣� |
udgha峁�峁璭 ca vidh墨yante 峁�a峁璸ad膩ni tadantare || 427 ||
murajodbhava辫腻峁�膩岣� syu岣� p奴rvavadanyayojan膩 |
tata岣� param腻产丑辞驳补stu t膩len膩ntena g墨yate || 428 ||
drut膩khyena layenaiva sv膩bhidh膩natray膩nvita岣� |
tatpara峁� tenako geya岣� 艣r墨r膩yurbh膩gyad膩yaka岣� || 429 ||
v膩kyameka峁� tato geyam膩艣墨rv膩dapad膩tmakam |
sy膩t迟腻濒补trayamudgr膩ho dhruvas迟腻濒补峁� tray膩tmakam || 430 ||
athav膩 pratit膩le ca sy膩d耻诲驳谤腻丑补岣� padadvayam |
艣e峁�atraya峁� dhruva峁� kury膩dityahu岣� kohal膩daya ||

鈥�(厂补峁単墨迟补蝉奴谤测辞诲补测补, Chapter V, pp.413-414)

Pa帽cat膩le艣vara Prabandha is one of the varieties of 膩li prabandh膩s. 艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补 describes it as the the tweny third variety of 膩li prabandhas. As the name indicates, this prabandha is based on the five 迟腻濒补s namely 肠补帽肠补迟辫耻峁璦, c膩capu峁璦, 峁�a峁璸it膩putraka, sampakve峁ａ弓膩ka and 耻诲驳丑补峁�峁�补. Prem Lata Sharma mentions that it is noteworthy that prabandha belongs to the 诲别艣墨 music, but 尘腻谤驳补 迟腻濒补s are also used in the composition and singing of certain prabandhas^[2]. 

尝补办峁�m墨苍腻谤腻测补峁嘺 says that the 辫补帽肠补迟腻濒别艣惫补谤补 is to be sung with the five 尘腻谤驳补 迟腻濒补s such as 肠腻肠补迟辫耻峁璦 etc. It is constituted of twenty seven 辫腻诲补蝉. Initially an 腻濒腻辫补 without 迟腻濒补 is to be sung followed by the five padas rendered in 肠补帽肠补迟辫耻峁璦 迟腻濒补 twice. The pada is sung in the beginning, followed by svara and 辫腻峁璦 in that order. After the initial four padas are sung, the fifth pada is also sung. 笔腻峁璦 is sung in the place of svara and vice-versa. 

Next the antara is introduced with the 辫腻峁璦s of the 辫补峁璦丑补 (an avanaddha 惫腻诲测补鈥�percussion instrument). It is sung in a slow tempo for the duration of two 肠补帽肠补迟辫耻峁璦 迟腻濒补s. The 诲丑腻迟耻 (melodic aspect) and the 尘腻迟耻 (lyrical aspect) must be repeated and then, the five aspects mentioned above must be rendered twice. In this way, a composition of five padas is sung, followed by an antara which is rendered along with the 辫腻峁璦s of a 丑耻岣岛办办腻 (an avanaddha 惫腻诲测补). Subsequently, a composition of five padas is rendered in the 峁�a峁璸it膩putraka 迟腻濒补, and here the antara is sung with the 辫腻峁璦s of the 艣补峁卥丑补 惫腻诲测补 (conch). In the sampakve峁ａ弓膩ka 迟腻濒补, a composition of six padas has been prescribed and the antara herein is sung along with the 辫腻峁璦s of the k膩峁僺ya-迟腻濒补 (bronze cymbals). Next, a compostion with six padas is to be rendered in the 耻诲驳丑补峁�峁�补 迟腻濒补 and here, an antara with the 辫腻峁璦s of the muraja (an avanaddha 惫腻诲测补) should be sung in the manner prescribed for the previous 迟腻濒补 (sampakve峁ａ弓膩ka). 

Thereafter, the 腻产丑辞驳补 section, which carries the name of the prabandha is to be rendered in druta laya in the 耻诲驳丑补峁�峁�补 迟腻濒补, followed by tenaka which bestows prosperity, and an auspicious sentence. In the 耻诲驳谤腻丑补, the dhruva 迟腻濒补 is to be used. Otherwise, according to Kohala and others, the initial two padas of the 耻诲驳谤腻丑补 can be sung in prati迟腻濒补 and the other three in dhruva 迟腻濒补. 尝补办峁�m墨苍腻谤腻测补峁嘺鈥檚 delineation of the 辫补帽肠补迟腻濒别艣惫补谤补 prabandha mostly follows what has been prescribed by 艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补. But there are a few additional features that he has explained. For instance, the section called 耻诲驳谤腻丑补 is not mentioned in 厂补峁単墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 at all. 

尝补办峁�m墨苍腻谤腻测补峁嘺 includes the 耻诲驳谤腻丑补 and in addition mentions the optional use of a combination of prati迟腻濒补 and dhruva 迟腻濒补 (for the 耻诲驳谤腻丑补) by Kohala and others.

Even though this information is not found in 厂补峁単墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补, Kallin膩tha has explained it in his commentary on the 辫补帽肠补迟腻濒别艣惫补谤补 prabandha.鈥�

啶忇い啷囙し啷嵿さ啶距げ啶距お啶距え啷嵿い啶班ぞ啶｀た 啶︵ざ 啶�啶︵ぞ啶ㄠ�嵿く啷佮う啷嵿�椸�嵿ぐ啶距す啶� 啶曕げ啷嵿お啶ㄠ��啶�啶� 啷� 啶囙い啶班ぞ啶｀た 啶о�嵿ぐ啷佮さ啶� 啶曕げ啷嵿お啶ㄠ��啶�啶� 啷� 啶嗋き啷嬥�椸じ啷嵿い啷傕�曕�嵿�� 啶忇さ 啷� 啶む�囙え啶距く啶� 啶む�嵿ぐ啶苦ぇ啶距い啷佮�� 啷� 啶呧ぅ啶掂ぞ 啶呧え啷嵿い啶班ざ啶�啷嵿う啷囙え啶距い啷嵿�� 啶�啷冟ぅ啶椸さ啶�啶掂�� 啶椸�冟す啷嵿く啶む�� 啷� 啶むう啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶むた啶むぞ啶侧ぎ啶距う啷嵿く啶︵�嵿さ啶�啶�啷佮う啷嵿�椸�嵿ぐ啶距す啶� 啷� 啶夃い啷嵿い啶班お啶︵い啷嵿ぐ啶�啶� 啶о�嵿ぐ啷佮さ啶� 啷�

别迟别峁�v腻濒腻辫腻苍迟补谤腻峁噄 诲补艣补 pad膩ny耻诲驳谤腻丑补岣� kalpan墨ya岣� | itar膩峁噄 诲丑谤耻惫补岣� kalpan墨ya岣� | 腻产丑辞驳补st奴kta eva | ten膩ya峁� tri诲丑腻迟耻岣� | athav膩 antara艣abden膩tra p峁泃hagavayavo g峁沨yate | 迟补诲腻 prati迟腻濒补m膩dyadvayam耻诲驳谤腻丑补岣� | uttarapadatraya峁� 诲丑谤耻惫补岣� |

鈥敵Р贯箙g墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 of 艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补: 1976: Vol. II: Comm. on V. 4.264: p. 309

He describes the 耻诲驳谤腻丑补 in the same way that 尝补办峁�m墨苍腻谤腻测补峁嘺 describes it. But he (Kallin膩tha) does not mention Kohala in this regard. Kallin膩tha was probably the actual source of information for 尝补办峁�m墨苍腻谤腻测补峁嘺 on this subject, unless both drew their information from another source. Perhaps 尝补办峁�m墨苍腻谤腻测补峁嘺 felt that attributing this to Kohala would increase the authority of his words. 

This reference to Kohala in the context of prabandhas is significant because prabandha is a concept that falls unequivocally under the domain of 诲别艣墨 music. And even here, it is noteworthy that Kohala steps in towards the end of the prabandha and for the 耻诲驳谤腻丑补 section, prescribes the optional use of prati 迟腻濒补 and dhruva 迟腻濒补, both of which are 诲别艣墨 迟腻濒补s.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

厂补峁単墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 of 艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补: 1996: V. 4.1.19-20: p.218

[2]:

厂补峁単墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 of 艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补: 1996: V. 4.1.19-20: p.293