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As an oldest extant Indian text book on erotic love, 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 finds a foremost place in our cultural tradition. There is a misconception that 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 is a work which entirely deals with various postures of sexual intercourse and purely a pornographic text. This is because of the absence of proper textual analysis of 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补. This chapter is an attempt to explore the content of 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 for a better understanding of the readers on its contents without reading the original Sanskrit text. The backdrop of the formation of a text like 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 appears to be a period in which most people were thinking that renunciation was an essential part and aim of human life. Thought on eroticism depends upon the technique of control of the body called yoga (Doniger Wendy & Sudhir Kakar, 2009: xi).

The 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 of 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补 is not only an amusing and legible work; it is also one of India鈥檚 most prominent original works, giving an insight into the history, politics, secular life and social customs of early India. In Sanskrit, the term 鈥�碍腻尘补鈥� means desire, affection, love, lust, sensual pleasure and the like. 鈥�厂奴迟谤补鈥�, in this context, refers to the style of writing used by the author. This style consists of the use of aphorisms, short rules, or percepts. Thus, this work is called 鈥�碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补鈥� owing to its subject and style (Burton Richard Francis, 2009: 10).

Historical validity about the authorship of 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 is a point of dispute. There have been several other 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补s and the work by 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补 is admittedly a compendium of previous texts written by authors lost in the haze of legends. There are many mutually contrary arguments upon the authorship of the work 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补. The identity of 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补 has been exposed through myths and there is no unanimous opinion regarding it. But there are several references from early Sanskrit sources on the authorship of 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补. It is believed that 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 was composed by a 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补 named Mallan膩ga. So, undoubtedly it is argued that 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补 is the name of a community or Gotra. Subandhu, in his prose-romance called 痴腻蝉补惫补诲补迟迟腻 refers to Mallan膩ga as the author of 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补^[1]. The most authentic commentary on 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 called 闯补测补尘补峁単补濒腻 also states the name of the author of 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 is Mallan膩ga and the term 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补 represents name of the community in which Mallan膩ga belongs to^[2]. These are the two sources which mainly confirm the identity of 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补.

The upper limit of the date of 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补 from the authors quoted by him and the lower limit of the date of 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补 from references to 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 in later literature are the two ways used by Haran Chnadra Chakladar While discussing the date of 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补. Through a detailed analysis, the earlier limit to the composition of the 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 has been assigned on the basis of 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补鈥檚 quotations from the 骋峁沨测补蝉奴迟谤补蝉, 顿丑补谤尘补蝉奴迟谤补蝉, 础谤迟丑补艣腻蝉迟谤补 and 惭补丑腻产丑腻峁�y补 and so the lower limit fixed as 400 CE. There are strong reasons to believe that 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 was known in the third century CE. based on the dates of 碍腻濒颈诲腻蝉补 and Subandhu. On the evidences from the historical data about the date of 痴腻迟蝉测腻测补苍补, Prof. Jolly鈥檚 opinion is generally accepted since it is trustworthy to an extent. It states that 础谤迟丑补艣腻蝉迟谤补 was composed in the third century CE. and the 碍腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补 which was modeled upon it, in the fourth century CE. (1990: 12-29, 33).

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

k膩mas奴traviny膩sa iva mallan膩gagha峁璱tak膩nt膩ras膩moda岣� | (v膩savadatt膩, p峁�. 83)

[2]:

v膩tsy膩yana iti svagotranimitt膩 sam膩khy膩, mallan膩ga iti ca sa峁僺k膩rik墨 | (箩补测补尘补峁僩补濒腻, 1. 2. 19)