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Patanjali has nicely explained Avidya^[1] as the breeding ground and root of all klesas (afflictions) which is cognition of impermanent as permanent, impure as pure, pain as pleasure and non-self as self, due to lack of awareness.

Avashyak sutra^[2], one of the most important Agamas in Jain鈥檚 literature has described twenty five types of misconceptions as Mithyattva. The prime ones mentioned below of these are similar to Patanjali鈥檚 avidya.

To believe jiva (self) as ajiva (non-self) and ajiva as jiva, dharma as adharma and adharma as dharma, have doubtful and impure knowledge, to understand worldly path as path of liberation and vice-versa.

Avidya is also explained by Yashovijayji, a Jain Acarya, later in his scripture 鈥�Jnanasara鈥�^[3] as conscience when one recognizes and finds eternality, purity and soulness where there is non-eternality, non-purity and non-soulness. According to him, avidya, klesa and karma are causes of birth-death cycle^[4].

Both the philosophies insist that the main remedy for these hurdles on the path of liberation is to remove or attenuate these klesa or kasaya (Avidya or Mithyatva). Each philosophy has given practices like Kriyayoga, awareness, meditation and practicing Samyak darsana-jnana-caritra towards the same goal.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

补苍颈迟测补艣耻肠颈诲耻岣�k丑腻苍腻迟尘补蝉耻苍颈迟测补艣耻肠颈蝉耻办丑腻迟尘补办丑测腻迟颈谤补惫颈诲测腻 I Patanjali Yoga Sutra 2.25I

[2]:

Avashyakasutra, Shri Akhil Bharatiya Sudharma Jain Sanskriti Rakshak Sangh, Jodhpur, 2007, pp.251-52

[3]:

nitya 艣ucy膩tmat膩khy膩tiranitya 艣ucyan膩tmasu | 补惫颈诲测腻 tatvadhirvidhy膩 yog膩c膩ryo岣� 辫谤补办墨谤迟颈迟腻 | 105

[4]:

Yashovijayji, 闯艌补苍补蝉补谤补, Sri Raj-Saubhag Satsang Mandal, Sayla, p.566, 2004