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A close scrutiny of Ayurveda brings out the fact that Tantra and Tantric principles and rites are implicitly and sometimes explicitly present in it. There is very close resemblance between Tantra and Ayurveda in that both accept Pancabhuta and other Tattvas, the relation between the body and the mind in similar ways. Mantric and Tantric methods of treatment are employed in balacikitsa (kasyapa samhita), visacikitsa, jvara cikitsa, etc. The prescriptions for the treatment of a 26

wide variety of ailments especially for Grahapitha, Bhutabadha etc. given in the Mantra pada (Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati) is ample proof to the above. There is the strong influence of Tantra and Tantric rites in such authentic Ayurvedic works as Susruta samhita, Carakasamhita, Astlangahrdaya etc. Moreover, in Kalasavidhis and Homavidhis, for deities too, there is special importance given to Ousadhakalasa and medicinal herbs as Homadravyas. These medicines and Homadravyas are the ones used in Ayurvedic medicines too, eg., Dravyas for Sahasra kalasa, Madhuparka, Pancagavya etc. The western scholar A.S. Gaddon is of the opinion that one-third of Hindu religious rites and half of the medicines have been borrowed from Tantrics.44 It can seen from the stanza quoted below from Smrti that elements of Tantra are present in Smritis too. 'vedamulataya nityam pravrtta api sattam | kvacit kadacit smarttarastantrarthamsca bruvanti hi |