365bet娱乐

The dating of Jayadeva's literary activity is established by the composite evidence of various literary and historical documents. It seems clear from the contents of the Sadukti-Karnamrta and many other evidences. At that time kings court promoted Sanskrit learning and the highly syneric Vaisnava worship of this time would have provided an appreciative audience for the Gitagovinda It is impossible to know whether Jayadeva composed the work at Laksmanasena's (the king of Bengal 12. Panda, R.N., Condtribution of Orissa to Sanskrit literature, p.26 13 Patnaik, T., Ed. Kavisurya Granthavali, p.46 14 Panda, B., Kaviraja Sri Jayadeva carita, pp.1-32 153

who ruled about A.D. 1179-1205) court; perhaps he composed it elsewhere and performed it there 15. Kesava Misra an inhabitant of Mithila, exercised a book named 'Alankarasekhara. He has quoted an example from which it is known that Jayadeva deserves to keep his shoes on the head of all the intellectuals of the court of Utkala. It states that Jayadeva was the greatest of scholars among the poets those adorned the court of the king of Utkala. prak pratyak prthivibhrtam parisadi prakhyatasamkhyavata manhayadbhuta tarkakarkasataya vicchidayavidayamadam | kepyutkalabhupate tava sabha sambhavitah panditah patram srijayadevapanditakavestanmurdhni vinyasthati 1116 Winternitz remarks that it is also true that the Indian lyric being a branch of the ornate court poetry attaches too much importance to form for western taste and that very frequently it is nothing more than a witty sport 17. It is proved by the reference of the inscriptions that Jayadeva belongs to the time of the king Aniyanka Bhima II, (A.D. 1190-1198) of Odisha 18. It is probable that he took as his model the popular plays representing incidents from the life of Krsna as the modern yatras in Odisha still do 19. Chand Bardai, the poet of Prthviraja raso refers that- jayadeva atha kavikavirayam | jinai kevalam kirati govindagayam | 120 15 Miller, B.S., Ed. The Gitagovinda of Jayadeva, Introduction, p.5 16. Alaikarasekhara, II.2, P.18 17. Winternitz, M., History of Indian Literature, Vol.III, P.148 18. Panda, R.N., Contribution of Orissa to Sanskrit literature, p.25 19. Macdonell, A.A., A History of Sanskrit literature, p.290 20. Panda, R.N., Contribution of Orissa to Sanskrit literature, p.30 154

The Gitagovinda is actually sung in many of the temples of Visnu by the temple girls in accompaniment with dancing 21. Regarding different opinions of the scholars it is proved that Jayadeva has not written anything by political pressure. He expressed his devotion and poetic talent which is approved directly by the God himself 22. The life of Jayadeva under the influence of devotion towards Govinda is praised by the Jayadevacarita of the text Bhaktamala. Baladeva Ratha is generally known as Kavisurya in Odisha which means the 'sun among poets', a title conferred on him by an admiring king of southern Odisha. He was not only in great demand at many of feudal courts of southern Odisha as a court poet, but was also engaged by British collectors as Dewan of large estates and as trusted guardian tutor of minor chiefs. With large land grants from among admiring royal patrons and incomes from the various posts of trust he held, the poet lived a prosperous, successful and famous life 23 + According to Sacchidnanda Misra, Baladeva Ratha came to Athagada in 1811 A.D 24. At the behest of the king of Athagada the poet composed Kishore-chandrananda-champu in between 1810-1815 A.D. and attributed it to the king Balunkesa Haricandana 25. In the Sanskrit portion of the campu there is no expression about any king but in the last line each Odia song the named of the king Balunkesa 26 occur. Baladeva has tried to get favour of the king and also to satisfy him with entertainment. During his life Kavisurya was directly related with the royal environments of some of the small 21. De, S.K., History of Sanskrit literature, p.667 22. Panda, B., Kaviraja Sri Jayadevacarita, pp. 2-31 23. Manasinha, Mayadhar, A History of Oriya literature, p.129 24. Mishra, S. N., Kavisurya Baladeva Ratha Sahitya Sadhana O Sidhi, pp. 17-49 25. Nanda, G.C., Contribution of Orissan authors, to Sanskrit Campu literature, Ph.D. Thesis of Utkal University, Dept. of Sanskrit, 1995,p.122 26. The song of 'sa, ma, fa, dha, ka鈥�. 155

local states of that time which are serially known as Jalantara, Athagada, Puri, Mahuri and Paralakhemundi 27. Jayadeva had not a political life like Kavisurya. He is regarded as a saint and devotee. His only creation is meant for the entertaining service of God. But Baladeva though a devotee but always confined in royal context. Political interference in Jayadeva's life was insignificant in comparison to Baladeva.