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In the above subsection on carbuncles, there already is information on wound management while treating the carbuncle.

A couple of descriptions particularly on wounds are found in the Dharmaguptaka 叠丑补颈峁�a箩测补蝉办补苍诲丑补办补.

Dharmaguptaka:鈥斺�淎t that time a monk was afflicted with a wound.^[1] There was a need of anointing [the wound] with spittle [and] hot-pressing [it] with the bottom of a water-boiling pot.^[2] The monk informed [this] to the Buddha. The Buddha said: 鈥榌I] allow the use.鈥欌��^[3]

鈥淭hen there was a monk afflicted with a wound. The physician instructed [him] to make a medicine for anointing the wound. The Buddha said: 鈥榌I] allow making [it].鈥� His wound became ripened.^[4] It should be cut open [and] applied with medicine. [The Buddha said:] 鈥楩rom now on, [I] allow cutting open a wound with a knife. [If] there is a trouble of foul smell from the wound, it should be washed with [fluid] like decoction of root; decoction of stem, leaf, flower, [or] fruit; and urine.鈥� Then [the monk] cleansed [the wound] by hand [and he] suffered from pain. [The Buddha said:] 鈥楿se feather to cleanse [the wound]. If the medicinal fluid is lost [due to] flowing, use a thing to surround and block all around [the edge of the wound]. If there is a trouble of [the wound] getting dry, use oil to anoint [the wound]. If a thing drops onto the wound, use an object to cover [the wound]. If the wound is foul-smelling, anoint [it] with a scented substance.鈥欌��^[5]

According to 膧测耻谤惫别诲补, there are two kinds of wounds (笔腻濒颈: 惫补峁嘺; Sanskrit: 惫谤补峁嘺): endogenous and exogenous. An endogenous wound is caused by the humours and blood which are aggravated by respective causative factors. Aggravated humours become stuck in the external pathway of the body and give rise to ulcer formation. An exogenous wound is due to injury from attack by human or animal; accident; exposure to fire, irritant, or poison; and so on. A wound can form at the skin, blood vessel, muscle, joint, bone, ligament, vital spot, or internal organ (Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 颁颈办颈迟蝉腻蝉迟丑腻苍补 25. 6-7, 10; 厂耻艣谤耻迟补 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 颁颈办颈迟蝉腻蝉迟丑腻苍补 1. 3, 厂奴迟谤补蝉迟丑腻苍补 22. 3; 础峁ａ弓腻峁単补 贬峁沝补测补 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 Uttarasth膩na 25. 1, 12-13). Treatment for wounds has been well developed as shown in classical 膧yurvedic texts. Various measures are employed: thirty-six as per the Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 and sixty the 厂耻艣谤耻迟补 厂补峁僪颈迟腻. These differ only in enumerating the details. The chief measures include: applying, sprinkling, and anointing the wound with various forms of drugs such as paste, powder, ghee, oil, decoction, wick, or gel; fomentation; gentle pressure; bloodletting;emesis; purgation; surgical procedures (such as incision, excision, scraping, probing, extraction, puncturing, draining, suturing and so on); cleansing;healing; dressing; bandaging; stopping bleeding; fumigation; covering with leaves; stimulating or retarding the growth of granulation tissue; softening or hardening of granulation tissue; cauterisation by caustic alkali or heat;disinfection; restoring skin colour and hair; dietary regimen; protective measures (e.g. talisman and incantation especially for exogenous type of wound); and so on. Each of these measures has its function, as described in the medical treatises (Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 颁颈办颈迟蝉腻蝉迟丑腻苍补 25. 39 ff,; 厂耻艣谤耻迟补 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 厂奴迟谤补蝉迟丑腻苍补 18. 3 ff., 颁颈办颈迟蝉腻蝉迟丑腻苍补 1. 8 ff.; 础峁ａ弓腻峁単补 贬峁沝补测补 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 Uttarasth膩na 25. 23 ff.).^[6]

In modern medicine, a wound is the result of a 鈥渓oss of anatomic structure in tissue following the transfer of kinetic, chemical, or thermal energy鈥� (Franz 2010, 47). A wound undergoes a healing process of several phases: coagulation, inflammation, proliferation (of collagen, blood vessels, and epithelial cells), and wound remodelling. The healing process, however, can be interfered by local and/or systemic factors, such as wound infection or contamination, repeated irritation or trauma at the wound, presence of foreign body or necrotic tissue in the wound, poor tissue circulation, wound desiccation, tension and oedema at the wound, poor nutrition of the patient, comorbid conditions (e.g. diabetes, malignancy, jaundice, uremia), certain treatments (e.g. steroids, chemotherapy, radiotherapy), smoking, and so on. In modern surgery, management of a wound is classified as primary intention healing, secondary intention healing, and delayed primary closure. Primary intention healing is that the edges of the wound are approximated by suturing or any closure method if the wound is clean and has low risk of infection. Secondary intention healing is that, when the wound has high risk of infection or is already infected, it is left open and is allowed to heal by formation of granulation tissue, epithelial tissue, and wound contracture. Delayed primary closure is that a wound with a risk of developing infection is left open for three to five days and then it is closed primarily if there is no obvious infection. Other measures which are also important for wound management include haemostasis by pressure or ligation of bleeding vessels, regular cleansing of the wound, removal of necrotic or scarred tissues, use of suitable dressings, employment of skin grafts or flaps, appropriate administration of antibiotics, and pain relief (Johnson and Lissauer 2008, 16-20; McLatchie, Borley, and Chikwe 2013, 146-147).

Wound management is described in the accounts on the treatment of carbuncles, but there is also additional information pertaining to wound care found in the Dharmaguptaka 叠丑补颈峁�a箩测补蝉办补苍诲丑补办补. Various measures for treating wounds had already been developed in ancient India, as shown in the classical 膧yurvedic texts. In modern medicine, knowledge of wounds and their care is well advanced especially in the disciplines of pathology and surgery.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

鐦�, in classical Chinese, means a wound or sore.

[2]:

This may be performed for the purpose of ripening the wound or cauterising it.

[3]:

罢补颈蝉丑艒 罢谤颈辫颈峁璦办补 1428. 870c4-5: 鈥滅埦鏅傛瘮涓樻偅鐦★紝闋堝斁濉椾互閵氬簳鐔ㄣ�傛瘮涓樼櫧浣涳紝浣涜█锛氥�岃伣鐢ㄣ�傘�嶁��

[4]:

It seems to mean that a wound has become an abscess, which needs to be cut open.

[5]:

罢补颈蝉丑艒 罢谤颈辫颈峁璦办补 1428. 877a19-25: 鈥滄檪鏈夋瘮涓樻偅鐦★紝閱�鏁欎綔濉楃槨钘ワ紝浣涜█锛氥�岃伣浣溿�傘�嶅郊鐦＄啛锛屾噳浠ュ垁鐮磋憲钘ャ�傘�岃嚜浠婂凡鍘伙紝鑱戒互鍒�鐮寸槨銆傛偅鐦¤嚟鎳夋礂锛岃嫢浠ユ牴婀�銆佽帠钁夎彲鑿撴汞锛屽強灏忎究娲椼�傘�嶆檪浠ユ墜娲楁偅鐥涖�傘�屼互槌ユ瘺娲椼�傝嫢钘ユ眮娴佹�勶紝浠ョ墿鎿侀殰鍥涢倞銆傝嫢鎮ｇ嚗浠ユ补濉楋紝鑻ヤ笂妫勪互鐗╄�嗭紝鑻ョ槨鑷�棣欏�椼�傘�嶁��

[6]:

These mearures are general treatments for any type of wound. In addition, there are chapters in the 厂耻艣谤耻迟补 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 and the 础峁ａ弓腻峁単补 贬峁沝补测补 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 especially dealing with treatments for traumatic wounds (厂耻艣谤耻迟补 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 颁颈办颈迟蝉腻蝉迟丑腻苍补 2; 础峁ａ弓腻峁単补 贬峁沝补测补 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 Uttarasth膩na 26).