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nimitt膩t adhika-s膩dhan膩nup膩dits膩 sannihitam膩tr膩t at峁沺tau saty膩mapyalam-pratyaya岣�). Because of this satisfaction, one may not desire to acquire anything more. Penance (tapas) is endurance of duals (dvandva- sahana). The duals (a couple of opposite conditions or qualities) are such as hunger- thirst (jikhats膩pip膩se), cold- heat (艣墨to峁ａ箛e), standing- sitting (sth膩n膩sane), etc. Vivara峁嘺k膩ra mentions that to endure the desire to eat and drink is tapas, either as they come about naturally or motivated by reducing food and drink. The endurance of cold and heat either not relieved at all or relieved only partially is also a penance. There is also a mention about the smrti tradition, that shows the penance of standing and sitting i.e., 'let the person stand in the day and sit at night' (tisthedahani r膩tr膩v膩s墨ta).209 Like this, another type of penance shown is complete silence and mere verbal silence (k膩峁ａ弓hamaun膩k膩峁ａ弓hamaune). As the name indicates, the former (k膩峁ａ弓hamauna) is the complete silence like a piece of wood. There will not be any gesture with hands etc. (hastaprayog膩di-rahitam). While in the latter (ak膩峁ａ弓hamauna), the silence is unlike a piece of wood, the use of hand-signals is 203