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cultured man had a drawing board (citraphalaka) and a
vessel (samudgaka) of colours."
Music. The musical instruments used by the
Indians were generally of four types-tata (stringed
instruments), anaddha (percussion), susira (wind
instruments) and ghana (cymbal). The Vedas and the
Br膩hma峁嘺s refer to various instruments of all these types.
The playing of musical instruments was prescribed at
sacrifices in the same way as was the singing of the Sama
Hymns. Vi峁嚹� (lute) was the most popular of
instruments, and it was considered as a ratna (jewel)
obtained without churning the ocean, while the well-known
fourteen jewels were extracted from the ocean by churning
it. The lute contained seven strings and much resembled
the modern Sitar. It was resorted to most by musicians
and was appreciated by the general public. Many ladies
in high class families also were experts in playing on lute
and in singing, and their consorts enjoyed nights in
listening to the enchanting tunes of music. Among wind
instruments were used flutes made of reed (vamsa).
Vocal music also was much popular, and kings felt no
compunction in engaging tutors for giving lessons to the
princesses in music. Not only courtesans but ladies of
respectable families also learnt the art of dancing. An
accomplished courtesan was an expert in all branches of
music.
The art of weaving seems to have reached a
developed phase in the period in that the garments made
from barks of trees were so finely produced as not to be
easily distinguishable from the ordinary cotton garments.*
Florists, perfumers, garland-makers, jewellers and
goldsmiths are the other artisans and craftsmen mentioned
by Bh膩sa.
1 Chakladar, Social Life, p. 188.
Cf. Avi, pp. 43-44; III. 5, 6. 4
2 C膩r. p. 64 - 啶掂��啶｀ぞ 啶ㄠぞ啶�啶距じ啶�啷佮う啷嵿ぐ啷嬥い啷嵿ぅ啶苦い啶� 啶班い啷嵿え啶�啷� 啷�
[v墨峁嚹� n膩bh膩samudrotthita峁� ratnam |
] Cf. Prat, I. 9.