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411
The Rigveda (VII. 75. 6) speaks of chariots drawn
by horses. In the Mauryan period, the superintendent of
chariots attended to the construction of war chariots as
well as festal chariots, travelling chariots, chariots for
gods, and for training, etc. The superintendent was also
to examine the efficiency of the troops in shooting arrows,
in hurling clubs and cudgels, in wearing armour, in
controlling chariots, horses, and so on. Each charioteer
had his particular driver well versed in the art of driving
and turning chariots in various ways according to
necessity. Generally, charioteers fought with charioteers
and their principal weapons were bows and arrows, a large
number of the latter being kept in the chariot. Sometimes,
cart-loads of arrows were carried in separate cars by the
side of the chariots. They also used sakti and cakra.
Both charioteer and driver were armoured, the former
wearing leather-gloves for protecting his fingers. Chariots
in the Mah膩bh膩rata age had ordinarily two wheels and
were drawn by four horses. Each chariot had a distinct
banner containing some special mark to proclaim the
identity of its master from afar. Garlands of flowers hung
from the flag-posts of the chariots.*
8 For cavalry or horsemen, the best breed of horses
was given. Horses were known as the means of securing
a kingdom. Those coming from K膩mboja, Sindhu,
Aratta, and forest countries were known as the best horses.
The superintendent of horses was to register
to register
horses
according as they were best, medium or ordinary, and to
train them either for war or riding according to their
capability. There was a number of movements in which
war horses were trained. There were specially prepared
horse-stables under the supervision of a艣v膩dhyak峁�a who
also looked to their rations, ornaments, medical treatment,
exercise and training. Horses were
Horses were
6.
garlanded washed, bedaubed with sandal powder and
garlanded twice a day. Lights were waved
(nirajanavidhi) invoking blessings on the horses on the
ninth day of the month of A艣vina and at the
commencement and close of a journey.
1 Artha艣膩stra, II, 30, 33, pp. 132-135, 139鈥�140. 2 Cf. Vir膩ta, Uttara and
Abhimanyu in the Pa帽c. 3 Cf. Dv, st. 8; Karna, p. 72. 4 Cf. 弄ru, st.
9- 啶�啶距げ啷嵿く啷堗ぐ啷嵿ぇ啷嵿さ啶溹ぞ啶椸�嵿ぐ啶�啶むた啶む�堗�� [尘腻濒测补颈谤诲丑惫补箩腻驳谤补辫补迟颈迟补颈岣� ] etc. 5 Karna, st. 19鈥擜lq脌 (isymy: 16 Arthas膩stra, II,
30, pp. 132-135; Karna, st. 13, 19:17 Pa帽褋, II.
1- 啶む�佮ぐ啶椸お啶むく啷� 啶掂ぐ啷嵿ぎ啶班�氞た啶むぞ啶� 啷� [turagapatayo varmaracit膩岣� | ] 8 Arthas盲stra, II. 30, p. 135; Cf. Pratij帽膩, I. 12.