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Foreign invaders felt a sort of terror for the Indian
army on account of its elephants. Alexander the Great
alone among the foreigners through his skill tried to
remove the fear his army entertained for elephants by
instructing his light infantry to kill the drivers of the
elephants; the legs of the helpless elephants were then
hacked with long axes and their trunks cut off with
choppers or curved swords. Once overtaken by terror,
the elephants turned back on their own side and trampled
their own men under their feet. Thus in their encounter
with the Greeks, not only did the Indians not receive any
help from their elephants in checking the enemy, but the
elephants destroyed not a little the army of their own
masters which fled in confusion, being scared.
of elephants held its own and did not lose in
for it served the army in a number of ways.
used in war to pull the chariots of the enemy.
of gunpowder, cannon and shells on the battle-field, however,
dealt a serious blow to elephants in war, who were horrified
at the sound of guns and wrought havoc among their own
men. They thus gradually fell into disfavour and their
place was taken by cannons, shells and powder.
Yet the unit
importance,
They were
The advent
Besides the four constituent parts named above, the
army consisted of officers, camp followers, spies, ensigns
and medical attendants. The surgeons had with them
various instruments, machines, ointments and bandages,
and they were accompanied by nurses with prepared food
and beverage, who uttered encouraging words to fighting
men.虏 The institution of nurses was first employed on the
battle-field in Europe in the Crimean war after the efforts
of Florence Nightingale, and this unit received international
recognition. The existence of this institution in ancient
India testifies not only to the state of civilization in those
days and to the humane aspect of the battle-field, but also
to the education of women and their mixing up in the
public.
Padika was the designation of a commandant
having ten soldiers under him; senapati had under his
control ten padikas; and the commandant of ten sen膩patis
1 Of, Vaidya, Epic India, p. 220. 2 Arthas盲stra, X. 3, p. 369. Fact:
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