Essay name: Bhasa (critical and historical study)
Author: A. D. Pusalker
This book studies Bhasa, the author of thirteen plays ascribed found in the Trivandrum Sanskrit Series. These works largely adhere to the rules of traditional Indian theatrics known as Natya-Shastra.
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works and deeds of valour. His merits and good deeds
created such a fine and forceful impression among even
the dare-devils that they were afraid of his virtues; it was
considered by them sacrilegious to offend or insult such a
person. He was a lover of music and at nightfall used
to visit musical concerts where vocal and instrumental
music was performed occasionally attended with dances.
Always ready to help others, he never boasted of his
charity, nor kept any memory of insults or offences done
to him. He was so modest as to regard even his own
body as belonging to others.2 Gentlemen in those days.
kept shampooers to massage their bodies, and it is
interesting to note that Vatsyāyana recommends massage
every other day. It appears that they also used to have
aromatic smoke after bath. From the two examples
supplied to us, we may say that a Nāgarika of those days
was not very scrupulous with regard to sexual morals, but
it cannot be said that moral standards were lax in those
days. Both the gentlemen loved courtesans with a desire
to matrimony and not merely as a momentary diversion.³
The cowherds in the Pañcarātra and the Balacarita
convey to us some idea of the pastoral life of those days.
Ascribing divinity to cows and worshipping them on
special occasions has been in vogue in India since long,
and was current at the time of these plays. Cows are
goddesses to the herdsmen, and the first question of their
greeting relates to the well-being of the cows; that of the
relatives is asked later on. The cowherds are taken to
be pure by nature on account of their life in the ghosa."
It is interesting to note that of the various methods of
purification to discard pollution, only two methods, viz. by
application of dust, and by plunging into water are referred
to in the Bālacarita, and the application of dust is
mentioned as the usual purificatory form for the cowherds.*
The cowherds make ready for merry-making and dance
on the occasion of special festivities such as the king's
birthday or the Indrayajña or Dhanurmaha festivals.
1 Cār, I. 26; also, p. 33 - सत्य� भीतोऽस्म� � तस्य गुणेभ्यः � [satya� bhīto'smi | tasya guṇebhya� | ] 2 Car, pp. 52-53.
3 Car, pp. 51-52; Chakladar, Social Life, p. 158. 4 Car, p. 29 � सुरभिस्नानधूपानु-
विद्� इव गन्ध� � [ܰԲūԳ-
viddha iva gandha� | ] 5. Cärudatta and Sajjalaka in the Car. 6 Bal, p. 11-3
भगवतीभ्यो गोभ्यः कुशलम् [bhagavatībhyo gobhya� kuśalam ] etc. 7 Bal, p. 14 � घोषवासात� प्रकृत्य� शुचिरे� भवान� �
[ghoṣavāsāt prakṛtyā śucireva bhavān |
] pp. 14-15.
8 Bal,
