Arts in the Puranas (study)
by Meena Devadatta Jeste | 1973 | 74,370 words
This essay studies the Arts in the Puranas by reconstructing the theory of six major fine arts—Music, Dance, Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, and Literature—from the Major and Minor Puranas. This thesis shows how ancient sages studied these arts within the context of cultural traditions of ancient India....
14. Samanyabhinaya (acting in general)
Chapter 28 is named as 'Samanyabhinaya' which describes acting in general. From this description it appears that the 'Bamanyabhinaya' is the harmonious use of four kinds of Abhinaya. Citrabhinaya applies only to the special representation of various objects and ideas. 36 At first the instructions are given about the representation of five qualities of senses viz. sound, touch, form, taste and smell, through gestures according to their Anubhavas and natural expressions. Then comes the representation of particular objects. The various Mudras are prescribed for the representation of bhavas including Sthayibhavas occurring in different Rasas. The Abhinaya to show sky, morning, night, evening, day, deep darkness, the moon-light, the smoke, the fire and different seasons is given. Chapters 30 and 31 give a very detailed description about the Abhinaya of the various Rasas and Bhavas by appropriate gestures. It is fully and elaborately discussed by Dr. Priyabala Shah. 37 The Agni Purana in Chapter 342 describes the importance of the four types of Abhinaya. The Purana remarks that "the four factors viz. Sattva, Vak, Ahga and Aharana play a dominant role in bringing out the best that exists in a dramatic
- 102 composition and in the heart of the dramatic 'personae'. 38 In Chapter 341, the Agni Purana mentions the actions of Angas and Pratyangas. Thirteen actions of head are described which are same as given in the Natyasastra. Agni Purana gives Lalita for Lolita. There are seven actions of the eyebrows referred to in the Purana but only four, viz. Patana, shrkutimukha, Sthayi and Sancari are actually mentioned. The last two are not mentioned by the Natyasastra. Thirty-six movements of eyes are mentioned, amongst then eight are the Rasadrstis.. The Purana refers to nine actions of the eyeballs and mentions only two by name viz. Bhramana and Calana. The Natya sastra mentions the eight actions of the eyeballs. The Agni Purana refers to six different actions of the nose, which are not mentioned by name. The Purana refers to nine actions of respiration (Nisvase) which are not mentioned in the Natyasastra. The Purana refers to six actions of the lower lip, seven actions of the Chin (cibuka), six actions of the face and nine ections of the neck which are not even named. According to the Purana there are various actions of the hands - single and combined. The Purana refers to five actions of the breast, five actions of the sides and five actions of the thighs but they are not specifically mentioned and discussed. The Purana gives three actions of the belley viz. Duratiksama, Khanda and Purana. The Natyasastra gives Ksama, Ahanda and Purana. The movements of the feet are mentioned as various but the mention of any specific number is not made.
- 103 Thus the Agni Purana gives a very brief account of the 'Nrtyadirang akarma'.