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The case of mica is an example of the category of words which were probably translated from one language into another, just like long or Naga for lead. Mica has a long history in India. The pottery found at the site of Indus Valley Civilization (second millennium B.C.) contains mica. Ancient texts such as Visnudharmottarapurana (dated to be of 1000 B.C.) mention Rasaratnakara of Nagarjuna mentions it and gives a mica. process of purification of mica. It was supposed to be an aphrodisiac and was also known as "Amrit" for that reason. Alchemical preparations included mica as a prominent ingredient in the tenth to fourteenth century - - Sanskrit texts such as Rasarnava, Rasarnavakalpa, Rasaratnasamuccaya, etc. Mica is not mentioned in Caraka Samhita, Susruta Samhita or Bower manuscript though; which means that its medicinal application was probably not known at that time (i.e., up to the third or fourth century AD). We find references to mica in "Bogar karpam", a Tamil alchemical text of an unknown date (probably written between the fourth to the tenth century AD) and also in "Bao-pu-zi" text, which was written by the famous Chinese alchemist of the fourth century AD. Both these texts give recipes of elixirs using mica as one of the ingredients.

135 There are several names of mica in Sanskrit language, e.g., Gagana, Vyoma (both meaning sky), Amara or Ajara (immortal) and Ghorasandhatvanasanam (signifying 1 its aphrodisiac property). A Sloka in the sixteenth century text "Dhatukriya" or Dhatumanjari gives synonyms for mica in the following verse. 2 "Abhra-Abhrati" means "to wander or go" in the Sanskrit language and Abhra is cloud for that reason. "Abhraka" would mean, "Maker of the cloud" (meaning sky) which is very near to "Cloud Mother" which is the name for mica in Chinese. 2 Dhatukriya Slokas 84 to 86, see Primary Sources. abhramka caiva vyomam ca gagarna gahaka param dustavirya 1 ca vatanca vahninadonnata krti || 85 || ajara amaram ghoram ghorasasthatva nahanam 1 rasamula isatita rasajne rajyavarddhanam || 85 || amrtam amaram caiva mahamrtyuvinasanam | ailani alaka namani jnatva karmani karayeta 186

Thus Yun mu = cloud mother = mica yun mu = Yun mu = mica. Where Yun yun ting zhong is cloud and mu mu is mother in Chinese 136 The fact that there exist identical names for mica in Sanskrit and Chinese suggests that the substance was probably introduced by one culture area into the other. Extensive use of mica in "Bogar karpam" also suggests that probably the Chinese transmitted these ideas to India in the early medieval period.