Puranic encyclopaedia
by Vettam Mani | 1975 | 609,556 words | ISBN-10: 0842608222
This page describes the Story of Amba included the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani that was translated into English in 1975. The Puranas have for centuries profoundly influenced Indian life and Culture and are defined by their characteristic features (panca-lakshana, literally, ‘the five characteristics of a Purana�).
Story of
Daughter of a King of śī.
and վٰīⲹ.
is an ill-starred character in the story of the Ѳٲ. She had two younger sisters named and likā. īṣm, who had taken a vow to remain a bachelor for life, had once taken , and likā, the three daughters of the King of śī, to Ჹپܰ. The circumstances in which this happened, are descried in Devī Bhāgavata, Prathama Skandha as follows: ŚԳٲԳ, a King of the Candra Vaṃśa, had two wives, Ҳṅg and ٲⲹī. īṣm was the son of Ҳṅg and 侱ٰṅg岹 and վٰīⲹ were the sons of ٲⲹī. Soon after īṣm’s birth, Ҳṅg vanished. After a long period of reign, ŚԳٲԳ also died. ٲⲹī and the three sons were left behind in the palace. According to a vow he had taken long ago, īṣm, instead of succeeding to his father’s throne, left it to his brother 侱ٰṅg岹. Once 侱ٰṅg岹 went for hunting in the forest. There he came across a Gandharva named 侱ٰṅg岹. The Gandharva did not like another man with his own name to be living in this world. So he killed the king. After that վٰīⲹ became king. īṣm had to take up the task of arranging a suitable marriage for վٰīⲹ.
The ⲹṃv.
It was at this time that īṣm came to know that the King of śī was arranging the ⲹṃv of his three daughters, , and likā. īṣm went there and in the presence of all the kings who had assembled there, took the three princesses with him to Ჹپܰ. There he made all preparations for the marriage. But as the time for the ceremony approached, the eldest and most beautiful of the princesses, went to īṣm and said: "I had already made up my mind long ago to marry , the King. Besides, we are deeply in love with each other. Therefore, please consider whether it is proper on the part of a great man like you to force me into another marriage."
On hearing this, īṣm allowed her to do as she liked. then went to King and made an appeal to him to accept her as his wife since they were mutually in love.
’s rejection.
To her words replied: "What you have said about our mutual love is true. But it is not right for a man to accept a woman who has been accepted by another. I saw īṣm taking you by hand and helping you into his chariot. Therefore go at once to īṣm himself and ask him to accept you." Stunned by his words, she turned away, to go to the forest to do penance.
Revenge on īṣm.
In the Ѳٲ, Udyoga Parva, Chapter 17, we find that had cherished a secret desire to wreak vengeance on īṣm. She went to the Āś of Śaikhāvatya Muni in the forest and stayed there for the night. Her wish to do penance was approved by the Muni. On the next day, ’s maternal grandfather, Hotravāhana (ṛñjⲹ) came that way. Hotravāhana came to know of all her misfortunes. He advised her to inform ʲśܰ峾 of all her grievances. Just at that moment ṛtṇa, a follower of ʲśܰ峾 happened to come there. Hotravāhana introduced to ṛtṇa. Both ṛtṇa and ṛñjⲹ explained all her affairs to ʲśܰ峾. ʲśܰ峾 undertook to persuade īṣm to accept (as his wife). But ʲśܰ峾’s proposal was turned down by īṣm. A terrible duel took place between them at ܰܰṣeٰ. When the fight reached a critical stage, 岹 and the gods induced ʲśܰ峾 to withdraw from the duel. Thus the fight ended with equal victory to both. Finding that it was not possible to achieve her object through ʲśܰ峾’s mediation, renounced food, sleep etc. and went to the ۲ܲ valley to do penance for six years. (Ѳٲ, Udyoga Parva, Chapter 188). After that for one year she went on a fast, lying under the water in the river ۲ܲ. Again for another year she did penance, standing on the tip of the toes and eating only dry leaves. Next, she reduced the sky and earth to flames by doing penance. The goddess Ҳṅg appeared to her and when she understood her plight, she told that it was not possible to kill īṣm. In her agony and despair, without even drinking water, she wandered about here and there. The goddess Gangā cursed her to become a river in the Vatsa country. As a result of the curse, a part of her was turned into the river known as .
Ś’s Boon.
The remaining part of her engaged itself in penance. Ś appeared to her and told her that in the next birth she would attain masculinity. He added that she would be born in the Drupada dynasty as a great archer under the name of Citrayodhi and kill īṣm. Pleased with this prophecy, she took a vow that she would kill īṣm and making a pyre, burnt herself to death.
Rebirth.
King Drupada’s queen had been in great distress for a long time because she had no children. Drupada propitiated Ś by worshipping him for an issue. Ś blessed him and said that a girl would be born to him, but she would be transformed into a boy. In due course, the queen gave birth to a girl, but it was announced that it was a boy. Therefore the child had to be brought up, dressed like a boy. The child became famous under the name of Śṇḍī. When Śṇḍī attained youth, Drupada decided to look for a wife for him (her?). Still he was greatly perplexed as to how to find a wife for Śṇḍī who was already a youthful virgin! But his wife assured Drupada that ṇḍī would become a man, according to Ś’s blessing. So, Drupada made a proposal for Śṇḍī’s marriage with the daughter of the King of ٲśṇa.
Śṇḍī’s Marriage.
Hiraṇyavarṇa, the King of ٲśṇa, gave his daughter in marriage to Śṇḍī. The couple arrived at Kāmbalyapura. By this time the wife came to know that the "husband" was a woman. She disclosed the secret to her Ladies-in-waiting. They in turn communicated it to the king. Enraged at this, Hiraṇyavarṇa sent a messenger to King Drupada to ascertain the truth of the matter. He even began to make preparations for waging a war against Drupada, King of ʲñ. Drupada and his queen were in a fix. At this stage the distressed Śṇḍī proceeded to the forest, determined to commit suicide. People were afraid of entering that forest because a ۲ṣa named Sthūṇakarṇa lived there. Śṇḍī went to the premises of the ۲ṣa and performed certain rites for a number of days. The ۲ṣa appeared to her. Śṇḍī explained the whole matter to him. They entered into a contract. According to it, they exchanged their sexes—Śṇḍ� receiving the male sex of the ۲ṣa and the ۲ṣa receiving the female sex of Śṇḍī. Śṇḍī returned home as a man. Drupada repeated with greater force his old plea that his child was a man. Hiraṇyavarṇa made a thorough examination of Śṇḍī and convinced himself of the truth. Many years after, Hiraṇyavarṇa died.
Kubera’s Arrival.
At that time, in the course of his world tour Kubera arrived at the residence of Sthūṇakarṇa. The ۲ṣa who was in female form, did not come out to receive Kubera. In his anger, Kubera pronounced a curse that the female sex of Sthūṇakarṇa and the male sex of Śṇḍī would continue for ever. The ۲ṣa prayed for the lifting of the curse. Kubera released him from the curse by saying that after the death of Śṇḍī, the ۲ṣa would be restored to his own male sex.
According to the previous agreement, Śṇḍī went to Sthūṇakarṇa’s place after the death of Hiraṇyavarṇa. But coming to know of all that had happened, he returned home. Thus Śṇḍī became a man permanently. Śṇḍī had received his training in arms under ٰṇācⲹ. In the great Kaurava-ṇḍ battle, he became a charioteer.
Śṇḍī’s Revenge.
The Ѳٲ, īṣm Parva, Chapter 108, describes īṣm’s encounter with Śṇḍī during the Kaurava-ṇḍ battle. The ṇḍs started the day’s battle by keeping Śṇḍī in the vanguard. ī, Arjuna, Abhimanyu and other warriors were giving him support. It was īṣm who led the Kaurava forces. Arrows began to fly from both sides. It was the tenth day of the battle and Śṇḍī shot three arrows aimed at īṣm’s breast. īṣm with a smile of contempt said to Śṇḍī, "Śṇḍī! created you as a woman. You may do as you like". Hearing this taunt, Śṇḍī became more infuriated. Arjuna inspired him with greater courage. After that, keeping Śṇḍī in front, Arjuna began to fight with īṣm. Śṇḍī also showered his arrows on him. Ten of these arrows of Śṇḍī hit īṣm’s breast. īṣm disregarded even those arrows. At last he said: "I cannot kill the ṇḍs because they are invulnerable (avadhyā�). I cannot kill Śṇḍī because he is really a woman and not man. Though I am also invulnerable and cannot be killed in battle, yet today I have to die; the time has come for me to die." Meanwhile Śṇḍī and Arjuna were discharging a continuous and heavy shower of arrows at īṣm. At last īṣm fell down. (Ѳٲ, Udyoga Parva, Chapter 173).