Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 2.73-74
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 2.73-74:
啶膏ぞ啶ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷嵿く啶啶班ぞ啶た啶む 啶啷嵿 啶掂啶啷嵿い啷嵿く啶班啶ムぎ啶ㄠ啶粪啷嵿く啶む 啷�
啶多啶班啶むた啶班啶掂ぞ啶ㄠ啶粪啷嵿啷� 啶膏ぞ 啶ぞ啶оた啶曕ぞ 啶侧た啶權啶椸さ啶距啷嵿く啶啶� 啷� 啷ォ 啷�
啶呧お啷嵿ぐ啶距お啷嵿い啷� 啶じ啷嵿い啷� 啶多啶曕啶侧ぞ啶︵た啶� 啶膏え啷嵿え啶苦ぇ啶距え啷囙え 啶椸ぎ啷嵿く啶む 啷�
啶� 啶い啷嵿え啶啶班ぞ啶た啶む 啶掂ぞ啶曕啶 啶多啶班啶むた啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶掂た啶侧啷嵿し啶｀ 啷� 啷オ 啷�s膩marthyapr膩pita峁� yacca vyaktyarthamanu峁jyate |
艣谤耻迟颈rev膩nu峁峁単e s膩 b膩dhik膩 濒颈峁単补惫腻办测补yo岣� || 73 ||
apr膩pto yastu 艣ukl膩di岣� sannidh膩nena gamyate |
sa yatnapr膩pito v膩kye 艣谤耻迟颈dharmavilak峁峁嘺岣� || 74 ||73-74. When what is implied is mentioned for the sake of clarity, it is a case of direct statement (艣谤耻迟颈) and it sets aside indication (濒颈峁単补) and juxtaposition (惫腻办测补).
A quality like white, when not implied, is understood through proximity and is therefore conveyed by a special effort and is different from direct statement.
Commentary
[If the individual word has no reality, the principle that when there is opposition between direct statement and juxtaposition, the former prevails would not work. Six principles are laid down by Jaimini in order to determine the meanings of doubtful sentences. Of them, each preceding one is stronger than the following one. In the sentence : 艣veta峁� 肠丑腻驳补尘 膩labheta=鈥榦ne should sacrifice a white goat鈥� the connection of the act of sacrificing with the goat is conveyed by direct statement (艣谤耻迟颈), namely, the second-case-affix. The quality white becomes connected with the act because the word expressive of it is in apposition to the word expressive of the goat. In other words, through juxtaposition. If both the words鈥�肠丑腻驳补尘 and 艣惫别迟补尘鈥攁re connected with the verb at the same time because of the second case-affix, then the connection in both cases would be through 艣谤耻迟颈, with the result that if either is not available, there can be a substitute.]