Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 1.58
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 1.58:
啶啶︵啶ㄠぞ啶掂啷冟す啷�啶む 啶︵啶掂 啶多が啷嵿う啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶距さ啶啶︵啶о啶む 啷�
啶啶︵啶距ぐ啷嵿く啷囙し啷� 啶灌啶む啶む啶掂ぎ啶掂た啶班啶о啶� 啶椸啷嵿啶む 啷� 啷ギ 啷�bheden膩vag峁沨墨tau dvau 艣abdadharm膩vapoddh峁泃au |
bhedak膩rye峁 hetutvamavirodhena gacchata岣� || 58 ||58. These two abstracted powers of words, treated as different, become, without opposition, the cause of operations depending upon difference.
Commentary
Just as, both in the world and in the Science of Grammar, we perform, in regard to things within which difference has been artificially made by the mind on the basis of difference in point of view (nimitta) all the operations which depend on real difference, in the same way, in regard to words also, when one separates by abstraction (补辫辞诲诲丑腻谤补) their powers of being revealer and revealed all the operations such as the application of names like 鈥榙esignation鈥� (蝉补峁僯帽腻) and 鈥榙esignated鈥� (蝉补峁僯帽颈苍) have been taught in the science of Grammar!
Notes
1. In the world, when we say 鈥榓 gold ring鈥�, we are applying the words 鈥榞old鈥� and 鈥榬ing鈥� to the same thing. When we thi峁卥 of the material with which it is made, we call it gold, when we thi峁卥 of its shape, we call it ring. This is what is called 惫测补辫补诲别艣颈惫补诲产丑腻惫补. On account of this difference in point of view, we san say: suvar峁嘺sya a峁単ul墨yakam, ie. we can use the sixth case-affix (峁峁ａ弓岣ツ�) which we ordinarily do only when there is real difference as in 谤腻箩帽补岣� 辫耻谤耻峁岣�. The 厂奴迟谤补 蝉惫补峁� 谤奴辫补峁� 艣abdasy膩艣abda蝉补峁僯帽腻 (P. 1.1.68) tells us that, in the Science of Grammar, grammatical operations are ordinarily on the basis of this difference by artificial abstraction.