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Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words

Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...

(2) [A cause is understood from its effect:]

astācala� cumbati Գ-bimbe gṛhe gṛhe gokula-sundarīṇāṃ |
divyānulepābharaṇāmbarāṇi kṛṣṇⲹԳٱ� 貹ٲ� ī� ||

asta-—the western mountain (the western horizon, where the sun sets); cumbati—is kissing; Գ-bimbe—when the disc of the sun; gṛhe gṛhe—in every house; gokula-ܲԻ岹īṇām—of the young women of Gokula; divya—dԱ; anulepa—oԳٳԳٲ; 󲹰ṇaornaments; ṇi—and clothes; ṛṣṇa—O Kṛṣṇa; ⲹԳٱ—are brought; 貹ٲ�—from all sides; ī�—by the lady friends.

O Kṛṣṇa, when the sun kisses the Western Mountain, in every house the divine ointments, ornaments and garments of the beautiful DZī are brought by their confidantes. (ṅk-첹ܲٳܲ 8.101)

atra kṛṣṇāntikāgamane kāraṇe prastute tat-kāryam anulepāharaṇādy uktam.

Here the effect, such as bringing the ointments, is stated when only the cause, “Kṛṣṇa’s return from the woodland to the village,� is the actual subject matter.

Commentary:

Kavikarṇapūra’s verse is not a clear example because the words “O Kṛṣṇa, when the sun kisses the Western Mountain� is a roundabout way of stating the abovementioned implied cause: “When You return from the woodland.� In that way there is no indirect expression (ٳܳٲ-śṃs). Rather, it is the 貹ǰٲ ornament (circumlocution) (10.154).

This is Mammaṭa’s example:

rājan rāja-sutā na pāṭhayati mā� devyo’pi tūṣṇī� sthitā�
  kubje bhojaya mā� kumāra-sacivair nādyāpi ki� bhujyate
|
itya� nātha śukas tavāri-bhavane mukto’dhvagai� pañjarāc
  citra-sthān avalokya śūnya-valabhāv ekaikam ābhāṣate
||

“ĜO king, your daughter is not teaching me to speak. Even the queens keep silent. O Kubjā, feed me. Why have the princes and the ministers not taken their meals yet?� My lord, in your enemies� residence, where the turrets are empty, this is how the parrot talks all alone when, upon being released from its cage by travelers, it sees the pictures of its master.�

Mammaṭa explains:

atra prasthānodyata� bhavanta� jñātvā sahasaiva tvad-araya� palāyya gatā�, iti kāraṇe prastute kāryam uktam,

“Here the effect is literally expressed when the cause, the contextual topic, is: “As soon as your foes came to know of your projected march against them, they fled”� (屹ⲹ-ś verse 440 ṛtپ).

More examples are shown in Commentary 10.156.

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