Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
by Ganganatha Jha | 1920 | 1,381,940 words | ISBN-10: 8120811550 | ISBN-13: 9788120811553
This is the English translation of the Manusmriti, which is a collection of Sanskrit verses dealing with 鈥楧harma鈥�, a collective name for human purpose, their duties and the law. Various topics will be dealt with, but this volume of the series includes 12 discourses (adhyaya). The commentary on this text by Medhatithi elaborately explains various t...
Verse 10.116
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:
啶掂た啶︵啶ぞ 啶多た啶侧啶 啶啶むた啶� 啶膏啶掂ぞ 啶椸啶班啷嵿し啷嵿く啶� 啶掂た啶ぃ啶苦 啶曕啶粪た啶� 啷�
啶о啶むた啶班啶啶曕啶粪 啶曕啶膏啶︵ 啶� 啶︵ざ 啶溹啶掂え啶灌啶むさ啶� 啷� 啷оェ啷� 啷�vidy膩 艣ilpa峁� bh峁泃i岣� sev膩 gorak峁a峁� vipa峁噄岣� k峁涐梗i岣� |
dh峁泃irbhaik峁峁� kus墨da峁� ca da艣a j墨vanahetava岣� || 116 ||Learning, handicrafts, working on hire, service, cattle-tending, trade, agriculture, contentment, begging and money-lending,鈥攖hese are the ten means of livelihood.鈥�(116)
Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (manubh膩峁a):
This verse sets forth the means of livelihood for all men, during times of distress.
鈥�Learning鈥欌�攈ere stands for sciences other than the Veda; such, for instance, as Medicine, Logic, Physics, Toxicology and so forth,鈥攁ll which are not reprehensible, when used as a means of livelihood.
鈥�Handicraft.鈥欌�擳his has been already explained.
鈥�Working on hire鈥欌�攁s a servant
鈥�Service鈥欌�攁cting according to the wishes of another person.
鈥�Contentment鈥欌�擳his has been added only by way of illustration.
The meaning of this verse is that in the absence of the particular means of livelihood specifically assigned to each caste, these ten means are open to all men.鈥�(116)
Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha
鈥淕ovindar膩ja thinks that teaching for a stipulated fee is also permissible under this rule.鈥濃�擝uhler.
This verse is quoted in 础辫补谤腻谤办补 (p. 936);鈥攁nd in 惭颈迟腻办峁谤腻 (3.42), both of which read 鈥�驳颈谤颈岣�鈥� for 鈥�诲丑峁泃颈岣�;鈥� 鈥�驳颈谤颈岣�鈥� is explained by Nandana as 鈥榮elling of fruits and roots growing on hills.鈥�
Comparative notes by various authors
驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 (3.41).鈥斺�楢griculture, mechanical arts, work for wages, learning, money-lending on interest, cart, hill, service, forest-land, King and begging alms鈥攖hese are the means of livelihood in times of distress.鈥�
贬腻谤墨迟补 (础辫补谤腻谤办补, p. 937).鈥斺�業n times of distress, agriculture may be undertaken.鈥�