Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
by Ganganatha Jha | 1920 | 1,381,940 words | ISBN-10: 8120811550 | ISBN-13: 9788120811553
This is the English translation of the Manusmriti, which is a collection of Sanskrit verses dealing with 鈥楧harma鈥�, a collective name for human purpose, their duties and the law. Various topics will be dealt with, but this volume of the series includes 12 discourses (adhyaya). The commentary on this text by Medhatithi elaborately explains various t...
Verse 8.264
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:
啶椸啶灌 啶むぁ啶距啶ぞ啶班ぞ啶 啶曕啶粪啶む啶班 啶掂ぞ 啶啶粪く啶� 啶灌ぐ啶ㄠ 啷�
啶多い啶距え啶� 啶啷嵿 啶︵ぃ啷嵿ぁ啷嵿く啶� 啶膏啶ぞ啶︵啷嵿啶距え啶距う啷� 啶︵啶掂た啶多い啷� 啶︵ぎ啶� 啷� 啷ㄠガ啷� 啷�g峁沨a峁� ta岣嵞乬am膩r膩ma峁� k峁tra峁� v膩 产丑墨峁测腻 haran |
艣at膩ni pa帽ca da峁囜笉ya岣� sy膩daj帽膩n膩d dvi艣ato dama岣� || 264 ||If a person, by intimidation, appropriates a house, a tank, a garden, or a field, he shall be fined five hundred; but only two hundred, if he does it in ignorance.鈥�(264)
Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (manubh膩峁a):
In the course of dealing with fields, etc., this additional law is here added.
鈥�Intimidation鈥欌�攈as been mentioned only as an example, of the methods of misappropriation employed; the meaning is that鈥斺�榠f a man knowing the field to belong to another person, takes possession of it, he shall he fined five hundred.鈥�
鈥楳iddle amercement鈥� (which is 500) having been already mentioned in the preceding verse, its reiteration here is meant to indicate that the amount shall vary according to the methods of misappropriation. Or it may be, as some people hold, that in the preceding verse, no significance is meant to be attached to the exact number.
The man appropriates another鈥檚 property by such intimidations as鈥斺�業 shall file a suit and have him punished by the king,鈥� or 鈥業 shall have him robbed by thieves,鈥� and so forth; and in this case the fine shall he five hundred, while in other oases, it is to be some other form of it.鈥�(264)
Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha
This verse is quoted in 惭颈迟腻办峁谤腻 (2.155), according to which 补箩帽腻苍腻迟 is meant to cover those cases where a man takes possession of another鈥檚 garden &c. under the impression that they really belong to himself; in which case the fine is to be only two hundred. 叠腻濒补尘产丑补峁弓墨 has the following notes:鈥斺��叠丑墨峁测腻,鈥� threatening with dangers from some other source; this includes greed also.
It is quoted in 础辫补谤腻谤办补 (p. 766);鈥攊n 痴颈惫腻诲补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 (p. 222), which explains 鈥�产丑墨峁测腻,鈥� as 鈥榖y arousing fear in him,鈥欌�斺��补箩帽腻苍腻迟鈥� as 鈥榯hrough mistake鈥�;鈥攊n 痴测补惫补丑腻谤补尘补测奴办丑补 (p. 98);鈥攊n 痴颈惫腻诲补肠颈苍迟腻尘补峁噄 (Calcutta, p. 64), which explains that 鈥榠f one robs the house after having threatened the owner, the fine is only 500 辫补峁嘺蝉;鈥欌�攁nd in 痴墨谤补尘颈迟谤辞诲补测补, (Vyavah膩ra, 143b).
Comparative notes by various authors
(verses 8.253-264)
See Comparative notes for Verse 8.253.