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Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

啶む�嵿ぐ啶�啶� 啶�啶班ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啷� 啶曕�嵿げ啶苦ざ啷嵿く啶ㄠ�嵿い啶� 啶膏ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶苦ぃ啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶むた啶�啷傕�� 啶曕�佮げ啶�啷� 啷�
啶氞い啷嵿さ啶距ぐ啶膏�嵿い啷傕お啶氞��啶�啶ㄠ�嵿い啷� 啶掂た啶�啷嵿�� 啶嗋あ啷嵿く啷� 啶掂ぃ啶苦�權�嵿え啷冟お啶� 啷� 啷оガ啷� 啷�

traya岣� par膩rthe kli艣yanti s膩k峁�i峁嘺岣� pratibh奴岣� kulam |
catv膩rast奴pac墨yante vipra 膩岣峢yo va峁噄峁卬峁沺a岣� || 169 ||

Three persons suffer for the sake of others: witnesses, surety and the judge: while four persons prosper: the br膩hma峁嘺, the affluent, the merchant and the king.鈥�(169)

 

Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (manubh膩峁�ya):

It is only on being requested by another person that the witness, the surety and the Judge should either appear as a witness, stand surety or investigate case鈥檚,鈥攁nd not forcibly (thrusting themselves); hence if these persons should volunteer to do it, their action has no validity.

Or, the meaning may he that 鈥榯hese persons undergo suffering for doing the work of other persons,鈥攁nd they have not. the slightest selfish motive,鈥攈ence they should not ho forced to do the work.鈥�

The 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 and the rest, on the other hand, 鈥�prosper,鈥� being approached by others, lienee, the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 also should not he forced, against his will, to accept a gift.

Or, the meaning may be that鈥斺�榯he prosperity of the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 is for the good of others,鈥欌�攈is action therefore is always for the sake of others, and not for his own,鈥攈ence in his case gifts and acceptances should not he rescinded.鈥� There is a popular saying to the effect that 鈥榓 gift by force is condemned,鈥� but this does not mean that one should not make a person make gifts to others; the 鈥榝orce鈥� in this case (which is condemned) is 鈥榠mportunate begging.鈥�

Similarly the 鈥�affluent,鈥� the rich man who makes a living by money-lending, should not be forced by such expostulations as鈥斺�榳hy does this man advance money on interest to other persons and not to me?鈥�

Or, the meaning may be that 鈥榥o loan shall he forced upon an unwilling spendthrift;鈥攁s it is only when money is lent at the request of the other party that the money-lender prospers, and not when he forces the loan upon him, since such forcing is forbidden by law.鈥�

Similarly, 鈥�the merchant,鈥� like the money-lender, carries on his business only with a view to add to his wealth. The 鈥榤erchant鈥� is one who lives by buying and selling.

鈥�King鈥欌�攑rospers only when receiving lines imposed upon persons charged before him,鈥攁nd not by forcing or encouraging such suits and charges. To this end there is the declaration that 鈥榯he king shall not encourage law-suits.鈥�

The case of the 鈥樀�谤腻丑尘补峁嘺鈥� and the rest has been cited only for the purpose of illustrating what is enjoined regarding the duty of the king.

Or, the whole of the present verse, as also the next, is meant to be illustrative of the entire section.鈥�(169)

 

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha

鈥�Kulam鈥欌�斺�楯udge鈥� (Kull奴ka and Govindar膩ja)鈥斺�榰ndivided family鈥� (N膩r膩ya峁嘺 and R膩ghav膩nanda);鈥斺�榤ember of a family鈥� (Nandana, who is misrepresented by Hopkins, who wrongly translates 鈥楰ul墨na岣モ�� (?) as friend ).