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Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

啶侧ざ啷佮え啶� 啶椸�冟�炧�嵿�溹え啶� 啶氞�堗�� 啶�啶侧ぞ啶｀�嵿ぁ啷佮�� 啶曕さ啶曕ぞ啶ㄠた 啶� 啷�
啶呧き啶曕�嵿し啷嵿く啶距ぃ啶� 啶︵�嵿さ啶苦�溹ぞ啶む��啶ㄠぞ啶�啶�啷囙ぇ啷嵿く啶�啷嵿ぐ啶�啶掂ぞ啶ㄠた 啶� 啷� 啷� 啷�

la艣una峁� g峁浢眏ana峁� caiva pal膩峁囜笉u峁� 办补惫补办腻苍颈 ca |
abhak峁�y膩峁噄 dvij膩t墨n膩m补尘别诲丑测补辫谤补产丑补惫腻苍颈 ca || 5 ||

Garlic, leeks and onions, mushrooms and all that proceeds from impure things, are unfit to re eaten by twice-born men.鈥�(5).

 

Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (尘补苍耻产丑腻峁�y补):

The terms 鈥�garlic鈥� &c. are well-known among men.

The term 鈥�karaka鈥� is the name of a genus, sometimes regarded as the same as the well-known thing 鈥�办谤测腻办耻鈥� (?); mushrooms also are 鈥�kavaka鈥�; as it is forbidden under the name of 鈥�kavaka鈥�, while the expiatory rite in connection with its eating has been prescribed under the name of 鈥�肠丑补迟谤腻办补,鈥� in verse 19; and no other thing (except the mushroom) is known by the name 鈥�chatruka鈥�; nor will it be right to regard, on the basis of verbal similarity alone (between 鈥�肠丑补迟谤腻办补鈥� and 鈥�肠丑补迟谤腻办腻谤补鈥�, umbrella-shaped), all those things as 鈥�肠丑补迟谤腻办补鈥� which resemble the umbrella, are 鈥�肠丑补迟谤腻办腻谤补鈥�; as in that case the prohibition (of 鈥�肠丑补迟谤腻办补鈥�) would apply also to the suvarchala and other things (which also are umbrella-shaped); and this would be contrary to all usage. Hence we conclude tha 鈥�肠丑补迟谤腻办补鈥� and 鈥�kavaka鈥� are one and the same thing. Says the author of the Nirukta鈥斺赌楾丑别 肠丑补迟谤腻办补 is 办峁�u峁囜箛补, since it is smashed.鈥� From this it is clear that the name 鈥�kavaka鈥� applies to those white shoots that grow out of the earth that has been ploughed; this is also in keeping with what is going to be said in connection with^鈥�kavakas growing out of the earth鈥� (6.14); and it has also been just pointed out that the name applies to what is 鈥榮mashed鈥� by a stroke of the foot. It is for this reason (of its being described as growing out of the earth, and of its being mashed by a stroke of the foot) that the prohibition (of 鈥�kavaka鈥�) is not applicable to those vegetable growths that shoot out of the trunks of trees.

In medicinal treatises the 办耻办耻峁囜笉补 has been described as 鈥�kavaka鈥�; but this explanation (of the name on a purely conventional basis) cannot be accepted in the same manner as that in regard to the term 鈥�go鈥� and the rest. Further, as a matter of fact, in ordinary parlance the term 鈥�kavaka鈥� is always applied to a vegetable. Hence it is on the basis of usage that the exact signification of the term, wherever it occurs in a medical or other scientific treatise, should be ascertained, and we have already shown what that signification is.

Other things also, which resemble garlic and such things mentioned here, which resemble these latter in colour and smell, have been forbidden by 痴颈峁ａ箛耻. In the 厂尘峁泃颈 of Par膩艣ara however the prohibition is by name, and this for the purpose of prescribing the special Expiatory Rite of 鈥�颁补苍诲谤腻测补峁嘺鈥� in connection with it. From this it follows that 鈥�lavataka鈥�, ^鈥�办补谤苍颈办腻谤补鈥� and such other things are forbidden.

鈥�Things proceeding from impure substances鈥�;鈥攖hose that grow of impure things or are in contact with them.

Others have declared that it is not right to forbid those things that grow only out of impure things, these standing on the same footing as 鈥�尘奴濒腻鈥� (radish) 鈥�肠腻蝉迟耻办补鈥� (a kind of grass) and such other things (known to grow out of impure things);鈥攕o that the prohibition does not apply to those grains and vegetables growing in fields specially manured for the purpose of enriching the harvest.

This however is not right. Because from what the text says it is clear that all these things are equally unfit to be eaten. Further, what has been suggested might have been accepted, if it were absolutely impossible for anything to grow without the use of impure substances. There are some things however that grow directly out of impure substances, while there are some that grow out of mere connection with them; the right view to take therefore is that the prohibition applies to the former only, and not to the latter.

As regards meat, even though it grows out of semen and blood (both impure substances), yet the present prohibition does not apply to it; because it has been dealt with in a totally different context.鈥�(5)

 

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha

This verse is quoted in 痴墨谤补尘颈迟谤辞诲补测补 (膧hnika, p. 510), which explains 鈥�补尘别诲丑测补辫谤补产丑补惫腻苍颈鈥� as 鈥榩roduced directly from human ordure, or in trees growing from seeds passed with human excreta鈥�;鈥攁nd in 厂尘峁泃颈tattva (p. 448), which reads 鈥�办补谤补办腻峁噄鈥� (for 办补惫补办腻苍颈) and explains it as 鈥�肠丑补迟谤腻办补,鈥� 鈥榤ushroom;鈥� and explains 鈥�补尘别诲丑测补辫谤补产丑补惫腻苍颈鈥� as 鈥榩roduced from ordure and such things.鈥�

 

Comparative notes by various authors

Gautama (17.32).鈥斺�楩resh leaves, mushrooms, garlic, and exudations (from trees).鈥�

膧辫补蝉迟补尘产补 (1.17.26, 28).鈥斺�楻ed garlic, white garlic, onion and mushroom, are not eatable; so says the Br膩hma峁嘺-text.鈥�

痴补艣颈峁ａ弓丑补 (14.33).鈥斺�楩or eating garlic, onions, mushrooms, turnips, 艢le艣m膩taka, exudations from trees, the red sap flowing from incisions, food pecked at by crows or worried by dogs, or the leavings of a 艢奴dra,鈥�础迟颈办峁沜肠丑谤补 辫别苍补苍肠别.鈥�

痴颈峁ａ箛耻 (51.3, 34, 36).鈥斺�楪arlic, onion, turnips, things having the same smell, village-pigs, village-cocks, monkey, beef,鈥攐n eating these also, the 颁腻苍诲谤腻测补峁嘺 is to be performed.鈥擮n eating mushrooms and Kavakas, the 厂腻苍迟补辫补苍补 penance;鈥攁lso exudations, products of unclean things, the red sap flowing from trees.鈥�

驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 (1.171).鈥斺�楻ed or white exudations from trees, mushrooms flowing out of unclean things.鈥�

叠补耻诲丑腻测补苍补 (Apar膩rka, p. 247).鈥斺�極f trees planted on unclean ground, the flowers and fruits are not objectionable.鈥�

叠丑补惫颈峁�y补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 (痴墨谤补尘颈迟谤辞诲补测补-膧hnika, p. 511).鈥斺�楪arlic, leeks, onions, mushrooms, brinjals, gourds鈥攂y eating these, one鈥檚 caste becomes defiled.鈥�

叠谤补丑尘补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 (痴墨谤补尘颈迟谤辞诲补测补-膧hnika, p. 511).鈥斺赌楾丑别 circular-shaped Ku峁卥u峁囜笉a, the Caitya-shaped and Umbrella-shaped mushrooms,鈥攁ll these were born out of the body of the Daitya.鈥�

罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补-艢谤耻迟颈 (痴墨谤补尘颈迟谤辞诲补测补-膧hnika, p. 512).鈥斺赌楾丑别 red sap that flows from trees, or any sap that flows from incisions in trees鈥攖hat is harmful.鈥�

Yama (痴墨谤补尘颈迟谤辞诲补测补-膧hnika, p. 513).鈥斺�楪arlic, leek, Vilaya, Sumuhha, mushrooms, onion,鈥攖hese the wise man should always avoid.鈥�

贬腻谤墨迟补 (痴墨谤补尘颈迟谤辞诲补测补-膧hnika, p. 511).鈥斺赌楾丑别 mushroom, the village-hog, onion, garlic,鈥攐n eating these, the Br膩hma峁嘺, even though he be conversant with all the Vedas, becomes degraded.鈥�

Devala (痴墨谤补尘颈迟谤辞诲补测补-膧hnika, p. 511).鈥斺��艢le艣m膩taka, Vrajaphal墨, Kausumbha, N膩lamastaka, and leek,鈥攁mong vegetables, these are not eatable.鈥擮nion, garlic, 艣耻办迟补, exudations, 办耻肠耻峁囜笉补, the white brinjal, and 办耻尘产丑腻峁囜笉补,鈥攖hese one should not eat.鈥�