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Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

啶︵ぞ啶班ぞ啶椸�嵿え啶苦す啷嬥い啷嵿ぐ啶膏�傕く啷嬥�椸�� 啶曕�佮ぐ啷佮い啷� 啶�啷嬥そ啶椸�嵿ぐ啶溹�� 啶膏�嵿ぅ啶苦い啷� 啷�
啶�啶班た啶掂�囙い啷嵿い啶� 啶� 啶掂た啶溹�嵿�炧�囙く啶� 啶�啶班た啶掂た啶む�嵿い啶苦じ啷嵿い啷� 啶�啷傕ぐ啷嵿さ啶溹�� 啷� 啷оキ啷� 啷�

d膩r膩gnihotrasa峁儁oga峁� kurute yo'graje sthite |
parivett膩 sa vij帽eya岣� parivittistu p奴rvaja岣� || 171 ||

He who unites himself with 鈥渨ife鈥� and 鈥淎gnihotra,鈥� while his elder remains, is to be regarded as the 鈥渟uperseder of his elder;鈥� and the elder is to be regarded as 鈥渙ne who is superseded.鈥濃�欌赌�(171)

 

惭别诲丑腻迟颈迟丑颈鈥檚 commentary (尘补苍耻产丑腻峁�y补):

鈥�Agraja,鈥� 鈥�elder brother鈥欌赌攊s the uterine brother born before one. Thus has it been asserted鈥斺�楾here is no harm in the superseding of the uncle鈥檚 sons, the step-mother鈥檚 sons and the sons of other鈥檚 wives, by marriage and the setting up of fire;鈥� hence, in the present context, the term 鈥榚lder brother鈥� stands for the uterine brother. While he 鈥�remains鈥欌赌�i.e., without marriage and without having set up the fire; the root 鈥�蝉迟办腻鈥� (in the term 鈥�蝉迟丑颈迟锚鈥�) has been used in the sense of the absence of the act mentioned.

The term 鈥�agnihotra,鈥� though the name of the act of sacrifice, stands for the setting up of fire for purposes of that act.

In another 蝉尘峁泃颈, we find an exception鈥斺�榯he lunatic, the sinner, the leper, the outcast, the eunuch and the consumptive need not be waited for.鈥� What is mentioned here is meant to be indicative of the condition in the form of the elder brother being in any way not entitled (to marry and set up the fire). Hence the 鈥榙efiler of company鈥� is also included.

A special period has also been specified during which one is to wait for his elder brother to marry and set up the fire鈥斺�榦ne should wait for eight years,鈥欌赌斺�榮ome say for six years鈥� (Gautama, 18.19). This period is to be reckoned from the time when the younger brother has reached the age of marriage; and the age of marriage is the time when one has duly fulfilled the injunction of Vedic Study.

鈥淎s a matter of fact, the period of time stated in the passage quoted refers to the man who has gone out travelling. The passage quoted above begins with the word 鈥榯he elder brother being,鈥� which refers to the time during which the elder brother is out on travel. [So that it can have no bearing upon supersession by marriage].鈥�

True; but the term 鈥榳ho has gone out on travel鈥� is distinctly found to be connected with one sentence [this sentence being 鈥�pravrajite niv峁泃ti岣� prasa峁単膩t, Gautama, 18.16]; so that, for connecting the same word with another sentence [鈥�bhr膩tari chaivam jy膩yasi yav墨y膩n, 18.18], some special reasons should be stated. There is, however, no such reason; as there is in the case of such words as 鈥榯here is connection between this and the term svarita;鈥� no such words, however, are found in the case of the sentences in question; nor is one sentence incomplete without the connection of the word in question.

痴补艣颈峁ａ弓丑补 has used the generic term 鈥榝ire and has, therefore, meant the 鈥�厂尘腻谤迟补鈥� Fire.

Some people have held this definition of 鈥榮uperseder鈥� to apply also to one whose father has not set up the Fire; the term 鈥�agraja,鈥� 鈥榚lder,鈥� meaning simply 鈥榦ne born before one;鈥� so that the Father also is one鈥檚 鈥榚lder.鈥�

In this manner, what is said here would apply to other 鈥榦lder鈥� persons also; as a matter of fact, however, the terms 鈥榶ounger鈥� and 鈥榚lder鈥� are never used between father and son.

In another 厂尘峁泃颈 we find鈥斺�榯he elder brother being, etc., etc.鈥� (Gautama, 18.18. where the Brother is specifically mentioned).

The elder brother is called the 鈥�superseded鈥欌赌� (171)

 

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha

惭别诲丑腻迟颈迟丑颈鈥�(P. 259, l.5)鈥斺��Bhr膩tar墨ty膩di pa峁環itam鈥�,鈥�i.e., in Gautama 鈥�Pravrajite niv峁泃ti岣� prasa峁単膩t鈥� (18.16)... 鈥�Bhr膩tari chaivam jy膩yasi yav墨y膩n kany膩gnyupayame峁�u鈥� (18.18);鈥攖he latter 厂奴迟谤补 is referred to again in 1.11.

This verse is quoted in 惭颈迟腻办峁�a谤腻 (on 1.223) in the sense that鈥斺�榯he younger brother, who takes a wife or sets up the Fire, before his elder brother has done so, is called 笔补谤颈惫别迟迟腻, and the elder brother is called Parivitti.鈥�

础辫补谤腻谤办补 deals with this subject in detail, under this same text of Y膩j帽avalkya.

惭补诲补苍补辫腻谤颈箩腻迟补 (p. 170) quotes this verse and explains that the 鈥榚lder brother鈥� meant here is the uterine brother, not the step-brother.

It is quoted in 痴墨谤补尘颈迟谤辞诲补测补 (Sa峁僺k膩ra, p. 760), which also explains that the 鈥榚lder brother鈥� meant is the uterine brother, as is clearly declared in a text quoted from Garga. It quotes another verse from 鈥楳anu鈥�, which is not found in our texts:鈥�

agraje brahmacaryasthe yo'nujo d膩rasa峁単raham |
kurute parivett膩 sa paricitto'grejo bhavet ||

It has a curious note regarding the exact signification of the term 鈥�峁�o诲补谤测补鈥� (generally understood to mean uterine): It says鈥斺��sodaryatva鈥� is of three kinds鈥�(1) due to the father being the same; (2) due to the mother being the same, and (3) due to both being the same; the idea that 鈥�sodaryatva鈥� is based upon the sameness of the Father is derived from the 骋补谤产丑辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 text that 鈥榓t first the fetus is born in the male鈥�, as also from the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 text鈥斺�楬aving stayed in the father鈥檚 stomach, he entered the Mother through his semen鈥�; and again in the same work, Kacha is representented as saying to Devay膩n墨 that she was his 鈥榮ister鈥� because she had lived in the same father鈥檚 stomach as he himself had done.

The verse is quoted in 笔补谤腻艣补谤补尘腻诲丑补惫补 (膧cara, p. 690), where also 鈥榚lder brother鈥� is explained as the uterine brother;鈥攁lso in 痴颈诲丑腻苍补辫腻谤颈箩腻迟补 (p. 723), where the construction of the phrase 鈥�agraje sthite鈥� is explained as 鈥�agraje an奴岣峢e ak峁泃膩gnihotre ca sthite鈥�. The untraced verse from 鈥楳anu鈥� quoted in 痴墨谤补尘颈迟谤辞诲补测补 is quoted here also.

This verse is quoted in 狈颈谤峁嘺测补蝉颈苍诲丑耻 (p. 233) as forbidding the setting up of the Fire by the younger brother if it has been already set up by his elder;鈥攁nd in 础辫补谤腻谤办补 (p. 445, and again on p. 1050) as defining the Parivitti;鈥攊苍 贬别尘腻诲谤颈 (K膩la, p. 811), which notes that this refers to uterine brothers only, and that also not in cases where the elder brother is either an outcaste, or insane, or sexless, or blind, or deaf, or dumb, or idiot, or dwarf, or leper, or suffering from leucoderma, or consumptive, or suffering from dropsy, or from some incurable disease, or heretic, or renunciate, or gone away for a long time;鈥攊苍 贬别尘腻诲谤颈 (艢r膩ddha, p. 371);鈥攁nd in 厂补峁僺办腻谤补谤补迟苍补尘腻濒腻 (p. 514).

 

Comparative notes by various authors

Gobhila-厂尘峁泃颈 (1.70).鈥斺�楬e who takes a wife or performs fire-laying before his elder brother should be regarded as the Superseder of the Elder, and the elder brother is to be regarded as the Superseded.鈥�

尝补驳丑耻-艢腻迟腻迟补辫补 (40).鈥擺Reproduces the words of Manu.]

Garga (笔补谤腻艣补谤补尘腻诲丑补惫补, p. 690).鈥斺�榃hile the uterine elder brother remains unmarried, if one takes a wife or lays the fire, he becomes an outcast.鈥�

艢腻迟腻迟补辫补 (Do.).鈥斺�楾he sin of supersession is not involved if one marries before such brothers as are the sons of uncles or of step-mothers, or of other women.鈥�

Yama (笔补谤腻艣补谤补尘腻诲丑补惫补, p. 690).鈥�(Do.)