Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
by Ganganatha Jha | 1920 | 1,381,940 words | ISBN-10: 8120811550 | ISBN-13: 9788120811553
This is the English translation of the Manusmriti, which is a collection of Sanskrit verses dealing with ‘Dharma�, a collective name for human purpose, their duties and the law. Various topics will be dealt with, but this volume of the series includes 12 discourses (adhyaya). The commentary on this text by Medhatithi elaborately explains various t...
Verse 2.205
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:
गुरोर्गुरौ सन्निहित� गुरुवद� वृत्तिमाचरेत� �
� चानिसृष्टो गुरुणा स्वान् गुरूनभिवादयेत् � २०� �gurorgurau sannihite guruvad vṛttimācaret |
na cānisṛṣṭo guruṇ� svān gurūnabhivādayet || 205 ||When the Teacher’s teacher happens to be close by, he should adopt towards him the same behaviour as towards his own teacher; but until permitted by his teacher, he should not pay respects to his own elders.�(205)
Medhātithi’s commentary (Գܲṣy):
The present verse permits the afore-mentioned behaviour towards one’s Teacher to be adopted in certain other cases.
Since the whole of the present deals with study, the term �guru� should throughout be taken in the sense of ‘teacher.� If the teacher of one’s Teacher happens to be near, he should behave towards him as towards his own teacher.
�When he happens to be close by.’—This implies that it is not incumbent upon the pupil to go over to the house of his teacher’s teacher for the purpose of paying respects to him.
While living in the Teacher’s house,—�until he is permitted by his Teacher’—allowed by him to do so,—he should not go to pay respects to his own ‘elders�;—to his father, mother, etc. This does not mean that when these elders come to his Teacher’s house, hc shall wait for the Teacher’s permission before he offers obeisance to them.
“Whence do you get this meaning?�
It follows from the fact that one’s parents are the highest objects of veneration; and as regards the paternal uncle, maternal uncle and other relations, if one salutes them, this does not stand in the way of his proper behaviour towards the Teacher. For after all, all his efforts are meant to win the Teacher’s favour.
As regards the order to be observed in saluting the mother, the father and the Teacher, when all these happen to be together,—it has already been declared that the Mother is superior to all; and as between the Father and the Teacher, there is option: In as much as the respect due to the Teacher is by reason of the position of the ‘Father� having been imposed upon him, the Father should be regarded as superior; but since it has been declared (in 146) that ‘the father imparting the Veda is superior,� it would follow that the Teacher is superior. It is for this reason that there is option.�(205)
Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha
The first half of the verse is quoted in ʲś (Ācāra, p. 306), in support of the view that the ‘grand-teacher� also is to be treated like the teacher;—in īٰǻ岹ⲹ (Saṃskāra, p. 462), where �ani ṛṣṭa�� is explained as �Ծܰٲ��, ‘not permitted�,—and �ṅgܰū� as ‘uncles and other relations
This verse is quoted in 貹첹 (p. 54), which explains �aniṛṣṭa�� as ‘not permitted—in ṃsū (p. 46);—and in ۲پṅg (p. 34).
Comparative notes by various authors
Āpastamba Dharmasūtra (1.8.19).—‘When the Teacher and the Teacher’s Teacher are seated together, he should clasp the feet of the latter and then those of the former.�
Āpastamba Dharmasūtra (1.6.29).—‘In the presence of the Ācārya, he should not clasp the feet of other Teachers of the lower grade.�
Gautama (6. 3, 4).—‘Mother, father, relations, elders, intellectual teachers;—when all these are present, the preceding should be saluted before the succeeding.�
վṣṇ (28.29, 30).—‘When the Teacher’s Teacher is present, behaviour towards him should be like that towards the Teacher;—until permitted by the teacher, he should not salute his elders.�
ղśṣṭ (13.22).—‘When the Teacher’s Teacher is present, the behaviour towards him is prescribed to be like that towards the Teacher.�