Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi
by Ganganatha Jha | 1920 | 1,381,940 words | ISBN-10: 8120811550 | ISBN-13: 9788120811553
This is the English translation of the Manusmriti, which is a collection of Sanskrit verses dealing with 鈥楧harma鈥�, a collective name for human purpose, their duties and the law. Various topics will be dealt with, but this volume of the series includes 12 discourses (adhyaya). The commentary on this text by Medhatithi elaborately explains various t...
Verse 1.64 [Measures of Time]
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:
啶ㄠた啶啶粪ぞ 啶︵ざ 啶氞ぞ啶粪啶熰 啶� 啶曕ぞ啶粪啶犩ぞ 啶む啶班た啶傕ざ啶む 啶む 啶むぞ啶� 啶曕げ啶� 啷�
啶む啶班た啶傕ざ啶む 啶曕げ啶� 啶啶灌啶班啶む 啶膏啶ぞ啶︵す啷嬥ぐ啶距い啷嵿ぐ啶� 啶む 啶むぞ啶掂い啶� 啷� 啷オ 啷�nime峁Ｄ� da艣a c膩峁ａ弓au ca k膩峁ａ弓h膩 tri峁兣沘t tu t膩岣� kal膩 |
tri峁兣沘t kal膩 muh奴rta岣� sy膩dahor膩tra峁� tu t膩vata岣� || 64 ||Ten and eight 鈥槻跃背颈疳梗a蝉鈥� (should be known as) one 鈥槹遽梗峁竽邂��; thirty such (碍腻峁ａ弓丑腻s) one 鈥槹贡裟邂��; thirty 鈥槹贡裟錽鈥� one 鈥榤uh奴rta鈥�; and as many 鈥榤uh奴rtas鈥� one 鈥槾〕蟠前宄侔光�� (Day and Night).鈥�(64)
Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (尘补苍耻产丑腻峁补):
The author now begins to describe the measures of time, which are taught in the Science of Astronomy, for the purpose of determining the exact duration of time of the continuance of the world and its dissolution.
Eighteen 鈥�苍颈尘别峁蝉鈥� go to make that measure of time which is known as 鈥�碍腻峁ａ弓丑腻鈥�;鈥攖hirty 鈥�碍腻峁ａ弓丑腻s鈥� make one 鈥�碍补濒腻鈥�;鈥攖hirty 鈥�碍补濒腻s鈥� make one 鈥�惭耻丑奴谤迟补,鈥� and 鈥�as many鈥欌赌�i.e., thirty;鈥攖hirty 鈥�muhurtas鈥� make one 鈥�础丑辞谤腻迟谤补鈥� (Day and Night).
鈥�Should be known as鈥欌赌攖his verb has got to be supplied.
鈥�罢腻惫补迟补岣�,鈥� 鈥榓 s many,鈥� is the Accusative Plural form.
鈥淲hat is it that is called 狈颈尘别峁?鈥�
鈥�狈颈尘别峁 is the natural winking of the Eye-lashes, which accompanies every opening of the eye. Other people have declared that 鈥�狈颈尘别峁鈥� is that time which is taken in the distinct utterance of one letter-sound.鈥�(64)
Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha
鈥�狈颈尘别峁鈥欌赌�(1) The time taken by one wink of the eye, or (2) the time taken in the distinct pronouncing of one syllable.
鈥�罢腻惫补峁璦岣�鈥欌赌攊n the Accusative necessitates the supplying of the Transitive verb 鈥�惫颈诲测腻峁�,鈥� 鈥榦ne should know鈥�. N膩r膩ya峁嘺 and Nandana however favour the nominative form 鈥�峁乿补苍峁璦岣�鈥� which obviates the necessity of adding any words.
Cf. in this connection Wilson鈥檚 Vi峁ａ箛u-Pur膩峁嘺鈥擡d. Hall, Vol. I, pp. 47-50.
Comparative notes by various authors
(Verse 64-73)
惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 12.231.12-31.鈥�
| 15 狈颈尘别峁s | make one 碍腻峁ａ弓丑腻, |
| 30 碍腻峁ａ弓丑腻s | make one 碍补濒腻, |
| 30 碍补濒腻s | make 1 惭耻丑奴谤迟补, |
|
30 惭耻丑奴谤迟补s |
make 1 Day or Night, |
| 30 Days and Nights | make 1 Month, |
| 12 Months | make 1 Year |
|
2 Ayanas solstices (Northern and Southern). |
make 1 Year |
鈥業n the world of human beings it is the Sun that divides the Day and Night, the night is for the sleep of creatures and the day for active operations;鈥攖he Month constitutes the Day-Night of the Pit峁泂, the brighter half being the Day, for active operations and the darker half, the Night, for sleeping. The year constitutes the Day-Night of the gods, the northern solstice, the Night.... 4,000 years constitute the 碍峁泃补测耻驳补 and each succeeding yuga [罢谤别迟腻测耻驳补, 顿惫腻辫补谤补测耻驳补, Kaliyuga] is a quarter less, etc., etc.鈥�
础谤迟丑补艣腻蝉迟谤补, p. 265.鈥斺�楾he divisions of these are the following鈥擳u峁璦, Lava, 狈颈尘别峁, 碍腻峁ａ弓丑腻, 碍补濒腻, N膩岣嵞玨膩, 惭耻丑奴谤迟补, Divasa, R膩tri, Pak峁, M膩sa, 峁歵u, Ayana, Sa峁僾atsara and Yuga.
| 2 Tu峁璦s | make one Lava |
| 2 Lavas | make one 狈颈尘别峁 |
| 5 狈颈尘别峁s | make one 碍腻峁ａ弓丑腻 |
| 30 碍腻峁ａ弓丑腻s | make one 碍补濒腻 |
| 40 碍补濒腻s | make one N膩岣嵞玨膩 |
| 2 N膩岣嵞玨膩s | make one 惭耻丑奴谤迟补 |
| 15 惭耻丑奴谤迟补s | make one Divasa* |
| 15 惭耻丑奴谤迟补s | make one Night* |
*= During the months of Chaitra and A艣vina; during other months the extent of the day and night vary to the extent of three 惭耻丑奴谤迟补s.
| 15 Divasa-R膩tris | make one Pak峁 |
| 2 Pak峁s | make make one M膩sas |
| 2 M膩sas | make one 峁歵u |
| 3 峁歵us | make one Ayana |
| 2 Ayanas | make one Sa峁僾atsara |
| 5 Sa峁僾atsaras | make one Yuga |