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Chandogya Upanishad (Shankara Bhashya)

by Ganganatha Jha | 1942 | 149,749 words | ISBN-10: 8170842840 | ISBN-13: 9788170842842

This is the English translation of the Chandogya Upanishad, an ancient philosophical text originally written in Sanksrit and dating to at least the 8th century BCE. Having eight chapters (adhyayas) and many sub-sections (khandas), this text is counted among the largest of it's kind. The Chandogya Upanishad, being connected to the Samaveda, represen...

Section 7.7 (seventh khaṇḍa) (two texts)

Upaniṣad text:

‘Learning indeed is greater than Contemplation,—it is by Learning that one knows the ṻ岹, the Yajurveda, the 峾岹, and the fourth ٳ󲹰ṇa, the پ-ʳܰṇa as the fifth of the Vedas, Grammar, the Science of Śrāddha-Rituals, Mathematics, the Science of Portents, the Science of Treasures, Logic, the Science of Ethics, the Science of Philology, the Vedic Science, the Physical Science, the Science of War, the Science of stars, the Science of Snakes, and the Science of Celestials;—also Heaven, Earth, Ākāśa, Water, Fire, Divine Beings, human beings, cattle, birds, grasses, trees, beasts, down to worms and ants, virtue and vice, the true and the false, the good and the bad, the pleasant and unpleasant, food and juices, this world and that world,—all this one knows by Learning,—Meditate upon Learning.’�(1).

Commentary (Śaṅkara Bhāṣya):

Learning indeed is greater than Contemplation. ‘Learning� stands for the knowledge of the subject-matter of the Scriptures; it is this that is the source of Contemplation; hence, it is greater than Contemplation. “In what way is it greater?”�It is by Learning that one knows the ṻ岹,—that ‘this is the ṻ岹�, the source of right knowledge, the knowledge of the subject-matter of which is the source of Contemplation;—similarly, the Yajurveda etc., etc.—also cattle and the rest,—and virtue and vice—which are known through the scriptures,—the good and the bad,—either from the view-point of commonsense, or from that of the ṛt,—and in fact, all imperceptible things—one knows only by means of Learning.� Hence, it is only right that Learning should be greater than Contemplation.�Hence, meditate upon Learning.’�(1)

Upaniṣad text:

‘One who meditates upon Learning as Brahman attains the regions of Learning and of Knowledge; he becomes free to do as he wishes, in the sphere within reach of Learning; he who meditates upon Learning as Brahman.’—‘Is there anything greater than Learning, ‘Revered Sir?’—‘Certainly, there is something greater than Learning.’—‘Explain that to me, Revered Sir.’�(2)

Commentary (Śaṅkara Bhāṣya):

Listen to the reward accruing from the said Meditation.�The regions of Learning—those regions where Learning abounds,—as also those where Knowledge abounds,�he attains—obtains; that is, he reaches those regions which are inhabited by persons possessing Learning,—i.e., deep knowledge of the subject-matter of the scriptures.�In the sphere etc., etc., as before.�(2)

End of Section (7) of Discourse VII.

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