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Upani峁�ad text:

There were three persons who were experts in 鲍诲驳墨迟丑补鈥斉�ilaka-艢腻濒腻惫补迟测补, Caikit膩na-顿腻濒产丑测补 and 笔谤补惫腻丑补峁嘺-Jaibali.鈥擳hey 蝉补颈诲鈥斺赌淲e are experts in 鲍诲驳墨迟丑补: let us carry on a discussion on 鲍诲驳墨迟丑补鈥�.鈥�(1)

Commentary (艢a峁卥ara Bh膩峁�ya):

The syllable 鈥極m鈥� lends itself to being meditated upon in several ways; hence the Text has introduced another method of meditation, calculated to bring its reward in the shape of the quality of being the highest and best鈥� The story has been brought in for the purpose of making the subject easily comprehensible.鈥斺��Three鈥欌�攑ersons three in number;鈥攖he particle 鈥�ha鈥� indicates the fact that such is the popular belief,鈥攚ere 鈥�Experts鈥�.鈥攚别濒濒-惫别谤蝉别诲;鈥斺赌�in 鲍诲驳墨迟丑补鈥�,鈥攊n the science of 鲍诲驳墨迟丑补;鈥攖hat is, among persons who had gathered together for some purpose, at a particular time and place; certainly, it is not possible that in the whole world there should be only three persons, well-versed in 鲍诲驳墨迟丑补 and the related subjects; in fact, we hear of many such persons as U峁�asti, J膩na艣ruti, Kaikeya and others who were well-nigh omniscient.鈥擳he Text next mentions who these three experts were: (1) 艢颈濒补办补, by name, the 鈥�艢腻濒腻惫补迟测补鈥�, i.e., the son of 艢补濒腻惫补迟;鈥�(2) 鈥�颁补颈办颈迟腻测补苍补 the son of 颁颈办颈迟腻测补苍补, of the gotra of Dalbha; or he may have been the son of both 颁颈办颈迟腻测补苍补 and Dalbha (being the body-born son of one and the adopted son of the other);鈥攁nd (3) 笔谤补惫腻丑补峁嘺, by name, the 鈥�Jaibali鈥�, the son of 闯墨产补濒补;鈥攖hese were the three.鈥�They said to each other鈥斺�淲e are known to be experts鈥攚别濒濒-惫别谤蝉别诲鈥�in 鲍诲驳墨迟丑补; hence, well,鈥攊f you agree,鈥攍et us carry on discussion,鈥攄ebate, through the system of setting forth the two sides of the question,鈥攖he correct view and its contrary,鈥�on Udg墨th膩,鈥攊.e., on the science, relating to the 鲍诲驳墨迟丑补; and such discussion among persons knowing the subject leads to the rejection of the wrong view and the establishment of the correct view, not quite well known before, and also the setting aside of all doubts on the subject. For this reason, persons conversant with the subject should be brought together;鈥攕uch is the teaching meant to be conveyed by the story;鈥攖he sense being that, that the said results have followed from discussions is found to have been a fact in the case of the said sages, 艢颈濒补办补 and the rest.鈥�(1)

Upani峁�ad text:

Having said Be it so, they sat down. Then 笔谤补惫腻丑补峁嘺 Jaibali 蝉补颈诲鈥斺赌淵ou revered Sirs, speak first; I shall listen to the talk of two 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺蝉 conversing.鈥浓赌�(2)

Commentary (艢a峁卥ara Bh膩峁�ya):

Having said 鈥楤e it so鈥�, they sat down.鈥擲o it it said. Where they had sat down, inasmuch as the 碍峁�a迟迟谤颈测补 is by his very nature, more forward, 笔谤补惫腻丑补峁嘺 Jaibali said to the other two鈥斺��You revered Sirs,鈥攜ou who deserve all honour,鈥�speak first鈥攂efore others.鈥擳he term 鈥�to two 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺蝉鈥� is indicative of the fact that the speaker himself was a 碍峁�a迟迟谤颈测补.鈥斺�淲hile you two 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺蝉 are conversing, I shall listen to your conversation.鈥� Some people explain the qualifing term 鈥�惫腻肠补尘鈥�, 鈥�talk, to mean mere words without much sense,鈥�(2)

Upani峁�ad text:

鈥楾丑别谤别耻辫辞苍, 艢颈濒补办补 艢腻濒补惫补迟测补 said to 颁补颈办颈迟腻测补苍补-顿腻濒产丑测补鈥斺�淲ell, may I question you?鈥浓赌斺�淒o question鈥� said the other.鈥欌��(3)

Commentary (艢a峁卥ara Bh膩峁�ya):

On the two men being thus addressed, 艢颈濒补办补- 艢腻濒腻惫补迟测补 said to 颁补颈办颈迟腻测补苍补 顿腻濒产丑测补鈥斺�淲ell, if you will permit, I may question you.鈥浓赌擝eing thus addressed, the other said 鈥淒o question.鈥浓赌�(3)

Upani峁�ad text:

鈥淲hat is the essence of 厂腻尘补?鈥�础苍蝉飞别谤鈥斺赌淎ccent.鈥浓赌斺�淲hat is the essence of accent?鈥浓赌擜nswer鈥斺�楤reath 鈥淲hat is the essence of Breath?鈥浓赌�

础苍蝉飞别谤鈥斺赌淔ood.鈥浓赌斺�淲hat is the essence of Food?鈥浓赌敶〔圆醴杀鸢�鈥斺赌淲ater.鈥浓赌�(4)

Commentary (艢a峁卥ara Bh膩峁�ya):

Having obtained permission, he 蝉补颈诲鈥斺赌�Of 厂腻尘补鈥�,鈥攚hich stands here for 鲍诲驳墨迟丑补, which forms the subject-matter of the discourse; it is 鲍诲驳墨迟丑补 as^:to be meditated upon which forms the subject-matter of the discourse; the text also is going to declare 鈥�鲍诲驳墨迟丑补 is the highest and best鈥�,鈥�what is the essence,鈥攖he substratum, the ultimate basis?鈥浓赌�

Being thus鈥� questioned, 顿腻濒产丑测补 补苍蝉飞别谤别诲鈥斺赌�Accent鈥�; because 厂腻尘补 is made up of accent; when one thing is made up of another, it is said to have that for its essence, its ultimate basis; as for instance, the Jar and other objects made of clay (have clay for their essence).鈥�

鈥�What is the essence of accent?鈥浓赌�

础苍蝉飞别谤鈥斺赌淏谤别补迟丑鈥�; it is through Breath that Accent is produced; hence Breath is the essence of Accent.鈥�

鈥�What, is the essence of Breath?鈥浓赌�

础苍蝉飞别谤鈥斺赌�Food鈥�; as Breath is supported by Food; as declared by the 艢谤耻迟颈 texts.鈥斺�淏reath dries up without food鈥� and 鈥淔ood is the string.鈥浓赌�

鈥淲hat is the Essence of food?鈥浓赌�

础苍蝉飞别谤鈥斺赌�Water鈥�,鈥攁s Food is produced out of Water.鈥�(4)

Upani峁�ad text:

鈥淲hat is the essence of Water?鈥浓赌敶〔圆醴杀鸢�鈥斺赌淭hat other Region.鈥浓赌斺�淲hat is the essence of that other Region?鈥浓赌敶〔圆醴杀鸢�鈥斺赌淥ne should not carry the Region of Heaven; we base the 厂腻尘补 on the Region of Heaven too far; because 厂腻尘补 has been eulogised as Heaven.鈥浓赌�(5)

Commentary (艢a峁卥ara Bh膩峁�ya):

鈥�What is the essence of Water?鈥浓赌斺�淭hat other Region鈥�; because it is from that other Region that rain proceeds.鈥擮n being asked鈥斺�淲hat is the essence of that other Region?鈥浓赌�顿腻濒产丑测补 蝉补颈诲鈥斺赌�One should not carry鈥敵�腻尘补鈥攖oo far鈥攂eyond, to any other substratum than,鈥�that Region of Heaven. It is for this reason that we also base the

厂腻尘补 on the Region of Heaven; that is, we regard 厂腻尘补 as based upon the Heavenly Region. Because 厂腻尘补 has been eulogised as Heaven,鈥攊.e., it is as Heaven that 厂腻尘补 has been eulogised as declared in the 艢谤耻迟颈 text鈥斺�淭he Region of Heaven is 厂腻尘补鈥�Veda鈥�.鈥�(5)

Upani峁�ad text:

艢颈濒补办补 艢腻濒腻惫补迟测补 said to 颁补颈办颈迟腻测补苍补 顿腻濒产丑测补鈥斺�淰erily, O 顿腻濒产丑测补, your 厂腻尘补 is not well-established. If, now, some one were to tell you, your head shall fall, surely your head would fall.鈥浓赌�(6)

Commentary (艢a峁卥ara Bh膩峁�ya):

Thereupon, the other person, 艢颈濒补办补 艢腻濒腻惫补迟测补 said to 颁补颈办颈迟腻测补苍补 顿腻濒产丑测补鈥斺�淵our 厂腻尘补 verily is not well-established,鈥攖hat is, not securely based upon an ultimate substratum and hence established as the highest and best鈥�. The particle 鈥�惫腻鈥�, as also the particle 鈥�ca鈥� indicates the scripture bearing upon the point. 鈥淥 顿腻濒产丑测补, as you put it, the 厂腻尘补 is not well-established.鈥浓赌擨f some one, knowing the true character of 厂腻尘补, were to take offence at your representation of it, and were, at this time, to say to one whose idea of 厂腻尘补 is wrong, and who may be committing the serious offence of misrepresenting the insecurely established 厂腻尘补 as well-established, that 鈥�your head shall fall,鈥攕hall fall off completely鈥�,鈥攖hen this head of yours,鈥攚ho have committed the said offence,鈥�would surely fall; there can be no doubt.鈥擨 do not say this to you, however,鈥攖his is what is meant.鈥�

Objection鈥斺�淚f the man has really committed the offence for which the head should fall,鈥攊t should fall off, even without his being told so; and if the offence is not one for which the offender鈥檚 head should fall off, then, it would not fall, even on his being told so. Otherwise (if one鈥檚 head were to fall off simply because of some one telling him it would fall, then there would be the incongruity of something accruing to the man which he had not earned by his deeds, and also his being deprived of what he had earned.鈥�

Answer鈥擳his does not affect our position; as a matter of fact, the actual accruing of the results of one鈥檚 good and bad deeds is dependent upon the conditions of place, time and other accessory causes. Such being the case, even though the offence of Ignorance be the cause of the falling of the head, yet its actual occurrence may be dependent upon some one uttering the imprecation.鈥�(6)

Upani峁�ad text:

鈥淲ell then, may I learn this from you, revered Sir?鈥浓赌斺�淟earn鈥�, he said.鈥斺�淲hat is the Essence of that other Region?鈥浓赌斺�淭his Region鈥�, he said.鈥斺�淲hat is the Essence of this Region?鈥浓赌擧e said, 鈥淥ne should not carry too far the Base of this Region of stability. We locate the Sima on the base of this Region; because the 厂腻尘补 has been eulogised as the Base.鈥浓赌�(7)

Commentary (艢a峁卥ara Bh膩峁�ya):

Being addressed as above, 顿腻濒产丑测补 蝉补颈诲鈥斺赌�Well, then, may I learn this from you, revered Sir,鈥攐n what 厂腻尘补 is based?鈥浓赌擝eing thus addressed, 艢腻濒腻惫补迟测补 补苍蝉飞别谤别诲鈥斺赌�Learn鈥�, he said.鈥擝eing asked by 顿腻濒产丑测补鈥斺�淲hat is the Essence of that other Region?鈥浓赌斉毮灞裟灞共钩俨獠� said.鈥斺�淭his Region鈥�, he said. The sense is that this Region (of Human beings) supports the other Region (of Heaven) through sacrifices, gifts, libations and such acts. The 艢谤耻迟颈 texts have declared that 鈥榯he Deities live upon offerings from this world.鈥� It is perceptible also that the Earth is the support of all things; hence it is only right that the Earth should be the support, ultimate basis, of 厂腻尘补 also.鈥擝eing ashed鈥斺�淲hat is the essence of this Region?鈥�艢腻濒腻惫补迟测补 蝉补颈诲鈥斺赌�One should not carry too far鈥攖he 厂腻尘补鈥攂eyond the Base of this Region鈥�. It is for this reason that 鈥�we locate the 厂腻尘补 on the base of this Region; because 厂腻尘补 has been eulogised as the Base鈥�; i.e. 厂腻尘补n has been praised as being the Base. Says the 艢谤耻迟颈-text鈥斺�淭his is 搁补迟丑补峁噒补谤补 (厂腻尘补)鈥�.鈥�(7)

Upani峁�ad text:

笔谤补惫腻丑补峁嘺-Jaibali said to him鈥斺�淰erily, 艢腻濒补惫补迟测补, your 厂腻尘补 would have an end; if, now, some one were to tell you that your head shall fall, your head would surely fall.鈥浓赌斺�淲ell then, may I learn it from you, revered Sir?鈥浓赌斺�淟earn鈥�, he said.鈥�(8)

Commentary (艢a峁卥ara Bh膩峁�ya):

When 顿腻濒产丑测补 had said this, 笔谤补惫腻丑补峁嘺 Jaibali 蝉补颈诲鈥斺赌淵our 厂腻尘补, O 艢腻濒腻惫补迟测补, would have an end etc. etc.鈥浓赌攁s before.鈥擳hen 艢腻濒腻惫补迟测补 蝉补颈诲鈥斺赌�Well then, may I learn it from you, revered Sir?鈥浓赌擧e said 鈥�Learn鈥�.鈥擝eing thus permitted the other said (as follows in the next text).鈥�(8)

End of Section (8) of Discourse I.