Virakta, 痴颈谤补办迟腻: 21 definitions
Introduction:
Virakta means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Virakt.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
: archive.org: Natya Shastra痴颈谤补办迟腻 (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い啶�, 鈥渉ostile鈥�).鈥擳he characteristics of a hostile woman are as follows: when kissed she wipes off her mouth, speaks unpleasant words, becomes angry even when sweet words have been spoken to her, hates his friends, praises his enemies, lies down on the bed with her back turned against him, goes to bed first, is never pleased even after a great deal of honour has been shown her, never puts up with suffering, becomes angry without any provocation, does not look at him or greet him. The woman who betrays these signs should be marked as 鈥渉ostile鈥� (惫颈谤补办迟腻).
Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramVirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い) means 鈥渄etached鈥�, according to the second recension of the Yogakha峁囜笉a of the Manth膩nabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjik膩.鈥擜ccordingly, as the God said: 鈥淥 Mother of Kula [i.e., Kul膩mbik膩], with you I am one whose suffering has been burnt away. I am 艢r墨ka峁囜弓ha who is free of debt. My world of transmigration has been destroyed. So what wonder is it if (I have attained) Nirv膩峁嘺, the supreme state. I am detached in every way [i.e., virakta鈥�virakto'ha峁� sarvabh膩vena](and so) reveal (your) divine knowledge!鈥�.
Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕啶�, 艣膩kta) or Shaktism (艣膩ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationVirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い) refers to 鈥渦nattached鈥�, according to the 艢ivapur膩峁嘺 2.3.21 (鈥淣膩rada instructs P膩rvat墨鈥�).鈥擜ccordingly, as N膩rada said to P膩rvat墨: 鈥淥 P膩rvat墨, listen. I am sympathetic to you. I shall speak truly. My words will be beneficent to you in all respects. They will lead to the achievement of your desire. They are free from aberrations. The great god has been served by you without austerities. You had some pride which He, the blesser of the distressed, eradicated. O 艢iv膩, after burning K膩ma, lord 艢iva though favourably disposed to His devotees, left you, since the lord is a great Yogin and so unattached [i.e., virakta] to you. [...]鈥�.
The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchVirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い) refers to 鈥渙ne who is detached鈥�, according to Brahm膩nanda鈥檚 Jyotsn膩 1.11.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淓ven though in statements of the Pur膩峁嘺s such as: 鈥榌For the purification of] Brahmins [and so on...]鈥�, qualification for [the practice] of Yoga is obtained for the whole [gamut] of living beings [including worms and insects], nonetheless it is one who is detached (virakta) who possesses the qualification in regard to yoga that has the reward of liberation. And in the V膩yusa峁僪it膩 [it is said:] 鈥榃hen the vedic teachings have been learnt, the mind is detached from sense objects. The qualification for anyone in this yoga is nothing else whatsoever鈥欌��.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as 膩sanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)1) Virakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い) refers to 鈥渞enouncing (the world)鈥�, according to the 艢测补颈苍颈办补-艣腻蝉迟谤补: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by R膩j膩 Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] Moreover, charming couplets are often heard chanted by the Manes for the welfare of Ruci, who was for renouncing (virakta) the world:鈥斺�極 darling, man鈥檚 karma accumulated in previous existences, that is, his merits und demerits, wears away day and night by his 鈥渆njoyments,鈥� that is, his experiences of the joys and sorrows of life. Therefore you, who know what dharma is, will attain peace when your karma wears away鈥欌��.
2) Virakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い) refers to 鈥渢hat bird which is not manned鈥�, according to the 艢yainika-艣膩stra.鈥擜ccordingly, [while discussing the training of hawks]: 鈥淸...] Whether it is 鈥榤anned鈥� (rakta) or not (aparaktatva) is to be known by its actions. When it stands on one leg with the eyes closed, when it preens or 鈥� reforms鈥� its feathers, when it 鈥榤antles鈥� with its wings, or looks with a gentle eye at its master, then it is known to be 鈥榤anned鈥� (rakta), otherwise not (virakta). When the hawk is seen to be manned (rakta) it should be lured in a creance to a piece of meat from increasing distances. [...]鈥�.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (鈥減erforming arts鈥�) and Shastras (鈥渟ciences鈥�) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
: Wikisource: Ashtavakra Gita1) Virakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い) refers to 鈥渙ne who is unattached鈥� (to the things of this world or the next), according to the A峁ａ弓膩vakrag墨t膩 (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Ved膩nta topics.鈥擜ccordingly, [as A峁ａ弓avakra says to Janaka]: 鈥淜nowing yourself as truly one and indestructible, how could a wise man possessing self-knowledge like you feel any pleasure in acquiring wealth? [...] It is astonishing that one who is unattached (virakta) to the things of this world or the next, who discriminates between the permanent and the impermanent [ih膩mutra viraktasya nity膩nityavivekina岣�], and who longs for liberation, should still feel fear for liberation. [...]鈥�
2) Virakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い) refers to 鈥渁bstemious鈥� (i.e., one who has aversion towards the sense-objects), according to the A峁ａ弓膩vakrag墨t膩 (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Ved膩nta topics.鈥擜ccordingly, [as A峁ａ弓avakra says to Janaka]: 鈥淸...] One man is abstemious (virakta) and averse to the senses, another is greedy and attached to them [virakto vi峁yadve峁ａ弓膩 r膩g墨 vi峁yalolupa岣�], but he who is free from both taking and rejecting is neither abstemious (virakta) nor greedy. [grahamok峁vih墨nastu na virakto na r膩gav膩n] [...]鈥�.
Vedanta (啶掂啶︵ぞ啶ㄠ啶�, ved膩nta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraVirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い) refers to 鈥�(one who is) detached from desire鈥�, according to Mah膩praj帽膩p膩ramit膩艣膩stra (chapter 41).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸Digression on a case brought against the Buddha; B. The defense].鈥擺4. Insults to the Disciples].鈥擳he Buddha had hard words for the Bhik峁s and treated them like fools (尘辞丑补辫耻谤耻峁). There are two kinds of hard words: i) insult coming from an evil intention (诲耻峁颈迟迟补); ii) insult out of compassion for beings and with the intention of converting them (辫补谤颈辫腻肠补苍补). In the person detached from desire (virakta), there is no insult coming from a bad intention; how then would there be one in the Buddha? It is out of pity for beings and in order to convert them that the Buddha had these strong words. [...]鈥�.
Mahayana (啶す啶距く啶距え, mah膩y膩na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsVirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い) refers to 鈥渞enunciation (of worldly pleasures)鈥�, according to P奴jyap膩da鈥檚 Sarv膩rthasiddhi.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] Even with renunciation of worldly pleasures (惫颈谤补办迟补-惫颈峁测补蝉耻办丑补), meditation accompanied by austerities, propagation of true faith, and auspicious death are rare. If these are achieved, then the attainment of enlightenment has borne fruit. By contemplating on the difficulty in attaining true faith, one does not become negligent after attaining this rare jewel鈥�.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryVirakta.鈥�(SITI), an ascetic; a man free from worldly attachment; a recluse of the 艢aiva order. Note: virakta is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryvirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い).鈥攑 (S) That is freed from all worldly affections and passions; delivered from desire. 2 That is become averse or indifferent to.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishvirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い).鈥�p That is freed from all worldly affection and passions.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryVirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い).鈥�p. p.
1) Very red, ruddy; 啶掂た啶班啷嵿い啶膏啶о啶ぞ啶曕お啶苦ざ啶� 啶啶班じ啷嵿い啶距い啷� (viraktasa峁僤hy膩kapi艣a峁� purast膩t) R.13.64.
2) Discoloured.
3) Changed in mind, disaffected, displeased; 啶ぞ啶� 啶氞た啶ㄠ啶むく啶距ぎ啶� 啶膏い啶む 啶く啶� 啶膏ぞ 啶掂た啶班啷嵿い啶� (y膩峁� cintay膩mi satata峁� mayi s膩 惫颈谤补办迟腻) 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 2.2.
4) Free from passion or worldly attachment, indifferent; 啶掂た啶班啷嵿い啶� 啶啶班さ啷嵿ぐ啶溹啶︵ 啶о啶ぞ啶ㄠ 啶膏ぐ啶曕啶むじ啷嵿い啷� 啶椸啶灌 啶掂じ啷囙い啷� (virakta岣� pravrajed dh墨m膩n saraktastu g峁沨e vaset) N膩radapari. Up.3.14.
5) Impassioned.
-办迟腻 An unfortunate or unhappy woman.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryVirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い).鈥攎fn.
(-kta岣�-办迟腻-kta峁�) 1. Averse, indifferent, free from inclination or affection. 2. Stoical, void of attachment to worldly objects. 3. Impassioned, interested, feeling passion or regard for any person or any thing. 4. Discoloured. E. vi privative or pleonastic, before 谤补帽箩 to feel passion, aff. kta .
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryVirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い).鈥擺adjective] discoloured, passionless, indifferent to or averse from ([ablative], [locative], [accusative] [with] prati, or 鈥斅�).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Virakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い):鈥擺=vi-rakta] a etc. See under vi-鈭毎姑甭�.
2) [=vi-rakta] [from vi-谤补帽箩] b mfn. discoloured, changed in colour, [Raghuva峁兣沘]
3) [v.s. ...] changed in disposition, disaffected, estranged, averse, indifferent to id est. having no interest in ([ablative] [locative case] [accusative] with prati, or [compound]), [Mah膩bh膩rata; K膩vya literature] etc.
4) [v.s. ...] become indifferent id est. arousing no interest, [R膩jatara峁単i峁嚹玗
5) [v.s. ...] impassioned, feeling excessive passion, [Horace H. Wilson]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryVirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い):鈥擺vi-rakta] (kta岣�-办迟腻-kta峁�) a. Indifferent; averse; interested in.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Virakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Viratta.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryVirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い) [Also spelled virakt]:鈥�(a) detached (from the world); disaffected, averse; indifferent; (nm) a recluse; ~[办迟补迟腻]/[kti] detachment, indifference; disaffection; aversion, disgust.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusVirakta (嗖掂部嗖班矔喑嵿菠):鈥�
1) [adjective] colourless or that has lost original or natural colour.
2) [adjective] not interested; indifferent; listless; apathetic.
3) [adjective] not filled with, influenced by passions; detached from worldly attachments; not interested in or not inclined toward sensual enjoyments.
4) [adjective] red; reddish.
--- OR ---
Virakta (嗖掂部嗖班矔喑嵿菠):鈥�
1) [noun] a man who is indifferent; an apathetic man.
2) [noun] he who is not filled with, influenced by passions; a man who is detached from worldly attachments or not interested in or not inclined toward sensual enjoyments.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryVirakta (啶掂た啶班啷嵿い):鈥攁dj. 1. discolored; 2. displeased; disaffected; 3. indifferent; 4. impassioned; 5. very red;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Viraktabhava, Viraktacitta, Viraktagodage, Viraktahridaya, Viraktam, Viraktamatha, Viraktaprakriti, Viraktasarvasva, Viraktata.
Full-text (+24): Kathavirakta, Viraktabhava, Avirakta, Viraktaprakriti, Viraktacitta, Viraktam, Viraktahridaya, Raktavirakta, Vairaktya, Vairakta, Virakt, Nishamtavirakta, Viraktamatha, Viraktasarvasva, Amritalata, Pranacchid, Viraktiratnavali, Viratta, Viraktata, Vivrikta.
Relevant text
Search found 34 books and stories containing Virakta, 痴颈谤补办迟腻, Vi-rakta; (plurals include: Viraktas, 痴颈谤补办迟腻s, raktas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati D膩sa)
Verse 1.8.105 < [Chapter 8 - The Disappearance of Jagann膩tha Mi艣ra]
Verse 1.2.70 < [Chapter 2 - The Lord鈥檚 Appearance]
Verse 2.7.68 < [Chapter 7 - The Meeting of Gad膩dhara and Pu峁囜笉ar墨ka]
Satirical works of Kshemendra (study) (by Arpana Devi)
5.16. The Bawd (ku峁弓an墨) < [Chapter 5 - K峁mendra鈥檚 objectives of Satire]
Vivekachudamani (by Shankara)
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Page 261 < [Volume 12 (1898)]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Ch枚dr枚n)
VI. Logical order of the ten concepts < [Chapter XXXVII - The Ten Concepts]
Story of the brahmin who unwittingly ate disgusting cakes < [Chapter XXXVII - The Ten Concepts]
V. The concept of revulsion toward food (膩h膩re pratik奴la-sa峁僯帽膩) < [Chapter XXXVII - The Ten Concepts]