Shanmukha, 峁峁噈耻办丑补, Shash-mukha: 25 definitions
Introduction:
Shanmukha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term 峁峁噈耻办丑补 can be transliterated into English as Sanmukha or Shanmukha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Sanmukh.
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In Hinduism
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Source: Wisdom Library: Elements of Hindu Iconograpy峁峁噈耻办丑补 (one of the aspects of Subrahma峁噛a, according to the 碍耻尘腻谤补-迟补苍迟谤补). The colour of 峁峁噈耻办丑补 should be that of 办耻峁卥耻尘补 (saffron) and he should be seated on the peacock. As his name indicates he should have six faces, twelvy eyes and twelve arms; in the right hands he should have the 艣补办迟颈, 产腻峁嘺, the 办丑补岣峠补, dhvaja, 驳补诲腻 and abhaya; and in the left ones dhanus, vajra, padma, 办补峁璦办补-丑补蝉迟补 and varada (and one more object which is perhaps the 办丑别峁璦办补). 峁峁噈耻办丑补 is here mentioned as the nephew of Vi峁ａ箛u. The 艢谤墨迟补迟惫补苍颈诲丑颈 mentions the 艣补峁卥丑补, chakra, 办耻办办耻峁璦, 辫腻艣补 and hala as among the objects held by the hands of 峁峁噈耻办丑补. It als states that on either side of 峁峁噈耻办丑补 there should be standing two dev墨s called 闯补测腻 and 痴颈箩补测腻.
: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (shilpa)峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮) refers to one of the Pariv膩ra-Devat膩s (鈥渁ttendant deities鈥�) according to chapter 22 (Kriy膩p膩da) of the 笔补诲尘补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: the most widely followed of Sa峁僪it膩 covering the entire range of concerns of P膩帽car膩tra doctrine and practice (i.e., the four-fold formulation of subject matter鈥�箩帽腻苍补, yoga, 办谤颈测腻 and 肠补谤测腻) consisting of roughly 9000 verses.鈥擠escription of the chapter [辫补谤颈惫腻谤补-惫颈诲丑颈]: Iconometry continues, this chapter being given over to rules for the attendant deities [辫补谤颈惫腻谤补-诲别惫补迟腻]: [e.g., 峁峁噈耻办丑补] [...]. Then the discussion turns to the vehicles of the gods, namely Brahm膩鈥檚 Swan and Rudra鈥檚 Ox, etc. (61b-64).
: Red Zambala: Hindu Icons and Symbols | Inner Circle IVAs 峁峁噈耻办丑补 (or Subr膩ma峁噛a) Murugan is married to two wives:鈥�
- Valli (鈥渢he earth鈥�), who represents the casual or informal means of progress and growth.
- Devasen膩 (鈥渁rmy of the gods鈥�) or Devakunjari (鈥渄ivine celestial elephant鈥�) 鈥� these names are suggestive of ability and power of action.
峁峁噈耻办丑补 (or Sanmukhan) is the name of deity as found depicted in the Subramanya Swamy Temple (or Subrahma峁噛a Sv膩mi Temple) in Tiruchendur (or Tirucendur/Tirucentur), representing a sacred place for the worship of Murugan.鈥斸耿a峁噈耻办丑补 is found in 蝉补尘补产丑补峁単补 pose with six pairs of hands. A vel is placed in the right hand and the corresponding left hand is in varada. Valli and Deiv膩nai are found on either side of the god. To the right of the main sanctum, there is the sannidhi for Murukan where he is found in standing posture. In front of this sannidhi there are images of a crow, a peacock and a Nandi.
峁峁噈耻办丑补 is also depicted in the Subramanya Swamy Temple (or Subrama峁噛a Sv膩mi Temple) in Thiruparankundram or Parankundram (Para峁卥u峁夅篃am), another a sacred place for the worship of Murugan.鈥斸耿anmukhan (峁峁噈耻办丑补) is found with six heads and six pairs of hands in standing posture. Valli and Deiv膩nai are found on the two sides of 峁峁噈耻办丑补. Peacock is not seen in this sannidhi. In general, the emblems fitted to the hands of 峁峁噈耻办丑补 are twenty six in total. They are (i) Four 尘耻诲谤腻蝉: abhaya, varada, 耻谤奴 and 办补峁璱; (ii) Fifteen weapons: 艣补办迟颈, vajra, 艣奴濒补, 办丑补岣峠补, ketaka, cakra, 艣补峁卥丑, 补峁卥耻艣补, tomara (an iron club or javelin), 辫腻艣补, 产腻峁嘺, 诲丑补苍耻峁�, 丑补濒腻 and 诲补苍岣峚; (iii) Seven others: 办耻办办耻峁璦, 办耻办办耻峁璦dvaja, sruva, 箩补辫补尘腻濒补, 腻谤补苍颈尘, 辫奴谤峁嘺办耻峁僢丑补, 苍墨濒艒迟辫补濒补, pu峁a产腻峁嘺 and 颈办峁肠腻辫补 (sugarcane bow). In dance, 峁峁噈耻办丑补 is represented in sama 艣颈谤补蝉 and 蝉补尘补辫腻诲补-蝉迟丑腻苍补办补.
Shilpashastra (啶多た啶侧啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 艣ilpa艣膩stra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮) refers to 鈥渙ne who has six faces鈥� and is used to describe Guha / K膩rttikeya (i.e., 艢iva鈥檚 son), according to the 艢ivapur膩峁嘺 2.4.3 (鈥淭he boyhood sports of K膩rttikeya鈥�).鈥擜ccordingly, as Brahm膩 narrated to N膩rada: 鈥淸...] Meanwhile the six ladies named K峁泃tik膩s came there for bath and they saw the lordly boy [i.e., Guha / K膩rttikeya]. All of them desired to take and fondle him O sage, as a result of their simultaneous desire for taking and fondling the boy, a dispute arose. In order to quell their mutual dispute, the boy assumed six faces (峁峁噈耻办丑补) and drank milk off their breasts. O sage, they were all satisfied. [...]鈥�.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) 峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮).鈥�(Kum膩ra); anecdotes of, in the 蝉办腻苍诲补辫耻谤腻峁嘺;1 a leader in the battle of Tripuram;2 all the wives of the seven seers except Arundhat墨 served Kum膩ra as mothers. Hence the six-faced.3
- 1) Brahm膩峁囜笉a-pur膩峁嘺 III. 10. 42; Matsya-pur膩峁嘺 53. 42.
- 2) Ib. 136. 68; 137. 32; 159. 3; 160. 11 and 28.
- 3) V膩yu-pur膩峁嘺 72. 40.
1b) A name of Vighne艣vara.*
- * Brahm膩峁囜笉a-pur膩峁嘺 IV. 44. 68.
The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
: archive.org: Hindu Mathematics峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮) represents the number 6 (six) in the 鈥渨ord-numeral system鈥� (产丑奴迟补蝉补峁僰丑测腻), which was used in Sanskrit texts dealing with astronomy, mathematics, metrics, as well as in the dates of inscriptions and manuscripts in ancient Indian literature.鈥擜 system of expressing numbers by means of words arranged as in the place-value notation was developed and perfected in India in the early centuries of the Christian era. In this system the numerals [e.g., 6鈥�峁峁噈耻办丑补] are expressed by names of things, beings or concepts, which, naturally or in accordance with the teaching of the 艢膩stras, connote numbers.
Ganita (啶椸ぃ啶苦い) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮) is another name for Skanda, according to verse 11.36-38 of the Kularatnoddyota, one of the earliest Kubjik膩 Tantras.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淲hen the (goddess) born in the family of the Himalaya will assume a body, Skanda (峁峁噈耻办丑补) will be her son. Then Mitre艣a who is accompanied by his consort, will tell his consort the teaching of knowledge in a solitary place (but) will not tell (it) to (his) son. O fair lady, out of anger, his son Skanda will throw that book into the sea and a fish will swallow it鈥�.
Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕啶�, 艣膩kta) or Shaktism (艣膩ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Pancaratra (worship of N膩r膩ya峁嘺)
: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮) (=Skanda) is the name of a deity for whom the Y膩ga (鈥渨orship and offering鈥�) is discussed in chapter 1 of the 艢ivar膩tra section of the 厂补苍补迟办耻尘腻谤补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: an encyclopedic Sanskrit text written in over 3500 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as yoga, temple-building, consecration ceremonies, initiation and dhanurveda (martial arts).鈥擠escription of the chapter [迟颈迟丑颈-测腻驳补]: Sanatkum膩ra proposes to deal here briefly with 迟颈迟丑颈测腻驳补 concerns during the bright fortnight. [...] Then follow directions for the 测腻驳补 of 峁峁噈耻办丑补 (=Skanda) and his attendants (118b-142a); [...]
Pancaratra (啶ぞ啶炧啶氞ぐ啶距い啷嵿ぐ, p膩帽car膩tra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhism峁峁噈耻办丑腻 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮啶�) is the name of a Dh膩ra峁嚹� Goddesses mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Ma帽ju艣r墨m奴lakalpa: one of the largest Kriy膩 Tantras devoted to Ma帽ju艣r墨 (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Ma帽ju艣r墨 and were taught to and by Buddha 艢膩kyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including 峁峁噈耻办丑腻).
: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (tantric Buddhism)峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮) refers to 鈥�(having) six faces鈥� and is used to describe Ma帽ju艣r墨-箩帽腻苍补sattva, according to the N膩mamantr膩rth膩valokin墨 by Vil膩savajra, which is a commentary on the N膩masa峁僩墨ti.鈥擜ccordingly, [while describing Ma帽ju艣r墨-箩帽腻苍补sattva]鈥斺�淸Next] he should visualise himself as the fortunate one, the gnosis-being [Ma帽ju艣r墨], born from the syllable a situated in the middle of that [wisdom-] wheel [situated in the heart of the 膧dibuddha]. He has six faces (峁峁噈耻办丑补), is radiant like the autumn moon, with the best of sapphires in his beautiful hair, with a halo that has the brilliance of the orb of the newly risen sun, with all the tath膩gatas as [head-]ornaments, immersed in meditative concentration, seated on a variagated lotus throne, in tranquil mood, with a pair of books of the Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩 above blue lotuses held in his two hands鈥�.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮) or 峁岣嵞乶ana refers to 鈥渢he six-faced God鈥� and is used as an epithet for Skanda.鈥擟f. Mah膩praj帽膩p膩ramit膩艣膩stra (chapter IV).鈥擨n Brahmanism, [Kum膩ra] is the god Skanda (cf. Hopkins, Epic Mythology, p. 227鈥�231). God of war, he is Sanatkum膩ra, 鈥楨ver youthful鈥�, one of Brahm膩鈥檚 sons (Mah膩bh膩rata, 12, 37, 12). In the eulogy to 艢iva (ibid., 13, 14, v. 378), he appears beside Um膩, seated on a peacock and holding a bell and a spear. His birth is told in the Mah膩bh膩rata, 9, 43鈥�46. Nursed by the K峁泃tik膩s (Pleiades), he developed six mouths in order to suckle them, hence his epithet of the six-faced god (峁岣嵞乶补苍补, 峁峁噈耻办丑补).
Mahayana (啶す啶距く啶距え, mah膩y膩na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: archive.org: The Jaina Iconography峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮) or Caturmukha is the name of the Yak峁 accompanying 痴颈尘补濒补苍腻迟丑补: the thirteenth of twenty-four T墨rtha峁僰aras or Jinas, commonly depicted in Jaina iconography.鈥擩aina liturgical treatises attribute to 痴颈尘补濒补苍腻迟丑补, the thirteenth Jina, the L膩帽chana or symbol of the boar. The particular attendant spirits attached to him are named as 峁峁噈耻办丑补 and Vairo峁璱 (艢vet膩mbara: Vidit膩). The King to stand for his fanner is called Svaya峁僢hu-V膩sudeva. His Kevala tree is Jambu (Black-berry).
: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraSa峁噈ukha (啶膏ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮) is the name of a Yak峁 (i.e., 艢膩sanadevat膩s or 鈥榤essenger-deities鈥�) associated with Vimala, according to chapter 4.3 [惫颈尘补濒补苍腻迟丑补-肠补谤颈迟谤补] of Hemacandra鈥檚 11th century Tri峁峁ａ弓i艣al膩k膩puru峁caritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly:鈥斺�淚n that congregation arose a Yak峁 named Sa峁噈ukha, with a peacock for a vehicle, white, his right hands holding a fruit, cakra, arrow, sword, noose, and rosary; his left hands holding an ichneumon, cakra, bow, shield, and cloth, and one hand in the abhayada-position, the Lord鈥檚 messenger-deity. Likewise originated, Vidit膩, her color equal to that of yellow orpiment, seated on a lotus, her right hands holding an arrow and a noose, her left ones a bow and a serpent, became a messenger-deity of 艢r墨 Vimala鈥�.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarysanmukha (啶膏え啷嵿ぎ啷佮).鈥攁 (S) Fronting, facing, opposite to.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishsanmukha (啶膏え啷嵿ぎ啷佮).鈥�a Fronting, opposite to.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮).鈥攎.
(-办丑补岣�) Kartikeya. f.
(-办丑腻) A water-melon. E. 峁峁� six, mukha face.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮).鈥攎. a proper name, [搁腻箩补迟补谤补峁単颈峁嚹�] 6, 319 (Calc.). Sa-kala
峁峁噈耻办丑补 is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms 峁峁� and mukha (啶啶�).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮).鈥擺adjective] six-faced or six-mouthed (艢iva & Skanda).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮):鈥擺=峁峁�-尘耻办丑补] [from 峁峁� > 峁峁�] mfn. having six mouths or faces (艢iva), [Mah膩bh膩rata]
2) [v.s. ...] m. Name of Skanda or K膩rttikeya, [Taittir墨ya-膩ra峁噛aka; Mah膩bh膩rata; K膩vya literature] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] of a Bodhi-sattva, [Buddhist literature]
4) [v.s. ...] of a king and of various other persons, [ib.; 搁腻箩补迟补谤补峁単颈峁嚹玗
5) 峁峁噈耻办丑腻 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮啶�):鈥擺=峁峁�-尘耻办丑腻] [from 峁峁�-尘耻办丑补 > 峁峁� > 峁峁�] f. a watermelon, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, 丑补濒腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) 峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮):鈥擺=峁峁�-尘耻办丑补] [from 峁峁� > 峁峁�] ([probably]) n. = 峁岣峚艣墨迟颈-尘耻办丑补, [Hem膩dri鈥檚 Caturvarga-cint膩ma峁噄]
7) [v.s. ...] Name of a S奴tra, [Buddhist literature]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary峁峁噈耻办丑补 (啶粪ぃ啷嵿ぎ啷佮):鈥�(办丑补岣�) 1. m. K膩rtikeya.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionarySanmukha (啶膏え啷嵿ぎ啷佮) [Also spelled sanmukh]:鈥�(ind) see [sammukha].
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus峁峁噈耻办丑补 (嗖粪玻喑嵿伯喑佮矕):鈥�
1) [noun] 峁峁噈耻办丑补, who has six faces.
2) [noun] fire or the Fire-God.
3) [noun] a water-melon fruit.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English DictionarySanmukha (啶膏え啷嵿ぎ啷佮):鈥攑rep. face to face;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Shan, Mukha, Can.
Starts with: Shanmukha-bahu, Shanmukhagraja, Shanmukhakumara, Shanmukhalakshana, Shanmukhamantra, Shanmukhamudra, Shanmukhantaka, Shanmukhapriya, Shanmukhasiddha, Shanmukhavrittinighantu, Shanmukhayaga.
Full-text (+148): Shanmukhalakshana, Shanmukhakumara, Shanmukha-bahu, Shanmukhapriya, Sanmukh, Shanmukhantaka, Shanmukhavrittinighantu, Shanmukhamantra, Shanmukhayaga, Skandha, Murugan, Shadanana, Shanmukhamudra, Shanmukhi, Sadashivashanmukhasamvada, Canmukan, Shanmukhagraja, Shanmukhasiddha, Can-mukamuttirai, Arumoga.
Relevant text
Search found 48 books and stories containing Shanmukha, 峁峁噈耻办丑补, Shash-mukha, Sanmukha, 峁峁�-mukha, Shan-mukha, 峁峁�-mukha, San-mukha, Sas-mukha, 峁峁噈耻办丑腻, 峁峁�-mukh膩; (plurals include: Shanmukhas, 峁峁噈耻办丑补s, mukhas, Sanmukhas, 峁峁噈耻办丑腻s, mukh膩s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Linga Purana (by J. L. Shastri)
Chapter 81 - The holy rite for the release of Pa艣us (pa艣u辫腻艣补-vimocana) < [Section 1 - Uttarabh膩ga]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Ganitatilaka (Sanskrit text and English introduction) (by H. R. Kapadia)
Page 192 < [Sanskrit Text of the Ganitatilaka]
Jain Remains of Ancient Bengal (by Shubha Majumder)
Images of T墨rtha峁卥ara 痴颈尘补濒补苍腻迟丑补 < [Chapter 6 - Iconographic Study of Jaina Sculptural Remains]
The twenty-four T墨rtha峁卥aras and their Yak峁s and Yak峁峁嚹玸 < [Chapter 6 - Iconographic Study of Jaina Sculptural Remains]
Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 75 - Greatness of Yaj帽abh奴mi < [Section 1 - T墨rtha-m膩h膩tmya]
Chapter 84 - Kapi and Other T墨rthas < [Section 3 - Rev膩-kha峁囜笉a]
Chapter 19 - The Fail of V墨rabhadra < [Section 4 - K膩rttikam膩sa-m膩h膩tmya]
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