Akranda, 膧办谤补苍诲补, Akramda: 14 definitions
Introduction:
Akranda means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Arthashastra (politics and welfare)
: Shodhganga: Kakati Ganapatideva and his times (artha)膧办谤补苍诲补 refers to 鈥渁 rearward friend鈥� and represents one of the twelve categories of the 尘补峁囜笉补濒补 system laid out by Kau峁璱lya (4th century BCE) and K腻mandaka (7th century A.D.). These twelve cateogires of state can be broadly applied to Ga峁嘺patideva (r. 1199-1262 A.D.) and the K腻kat墨ya empire.鈥擳he S膿u峁嘺s were the rearward friends. Since the beginning of Ga峁嘺patideva's reign, friendly relations were existed.
Arthashastra (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶多ぞ啶膏啶む啶�, artha艣腻stra) literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira1) 膧办谤补苍诲补 (啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶�) refers to 鈥渒ings attacked in the rear鈥�, according to the B峁沨atsa峁僪it腻 (chapter 16) (鈥淥n the planets鈥�graha-bhaktiyoga鈥�), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Var腻hamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyoti峁).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭he Moon presides over citadels fortified by hills or by water, over Kosala, Bharukaccha, the sea, the city of Roma, the country of Tu峁Ｄ錼a, dwellers in forests, the islands of Ta峁単a峁嘺, Hala and Str墨r腻jya in the big seas. She presides over sweet juice, flowers, fruits, water, salt, gems, conch shells, pearls, creatures of water, paddy, barley, medicinal plants, wheat, Somayajis, kings attacked in the rear (腻办谤补苍诲补), and Br腻hma峁嘺s. [...]鈥�
2) 膧办谤补苍诲补 (啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶�) is the name of the sun (when in mid-heaven), according to the B峁沨atsa峁僪it腻 (chapter 17) (鈥淥n planetary conjunctions鈥�grahayuddha鈥�), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Var腻hamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyoti峁).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭he Sun when in mid-heaven is known as an 膧办谤补苍诲补 planet; when in the east he is known as a Paura planet and when in the west he is known as a Y腻yin planet. Mercury, Jupiter and Saturn are always known as Paura planets. The Moon is always known as an 膧办谤补苍诲补 planet鈥�.
Jyotisha (啶溹啶啶むた啶�, 箩测辞迟颈峁 or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture膧办谤补苍诲补 (啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶�) refers to 鈥渃alling out for help鈥�, according to the 痴补箩谤补迟耻峁囜笉补蝉补尘补测补办补濒辫补谤腻箩补, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.鈥擜ccordingly [after the Bhagav腻n taught the heart-诲丑腻谤补峁嚹�-尘补苍迟谤补辫补诲补蝉], 鈥淚mmediately after this N腻ga-heart-诲丑腻谤补峁嚹�-尘补苍迟谤补辫补诲补 had been uttered by the Bhagav腻n, then all N腻gas trembled, their bodies became weak, putrid and foul-smelling, and they were burning like a fire-flame. Being burnt (paritapta) they called the Bhagav腻n for help (腻办谤补苍诲补) in a loud voice, and addressed him, 鈥極 Bhagav腻n, extremely dreadful mantrapadas have been uttered. [...]鈥欌��.
Mahayana (啶す啶距く啶距え, mah腻y腻na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽腻p腻ramit腻 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections膧办谤补苍诲补 (啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶�) refers to 鈥渓amenting鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽腻n腻r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淎 god becomes [filled] with lamenting (sa-腻办谤补苍诲补), a dog ascends to heaven, a Br腻hman might become discernible in substance [as a dog] or an insect or even a low outcaste. Like an actor here on the stage, the embodied soul continually takes on individual characters [and] he abandons others鈥�.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary膧办谤补苍诲补 (啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶�).鈥�
1) Weeping, crying out; 啶曕た啶� 啶曕啶班え啷嵿う啶膏た 啶︵啶班ぞ啶曕啶班え啷嵿う (ki峁� krandasi dur腻办谤补苍诲补) Pa帽catantra (Bombay) 4.29.
2) Calling, invoking, calling out to; 啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶︵ 啶氞ぞ啶啶お啷堗す啷�啶むた 啶� 啶︵ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶� 啶え啷佮ぐ啶啶班さ啷�啶む (腻krande c腻pyapaih墨ti na da峁囜笉a峁� manurabrav墨t) Manusm峁泃i 8.292.
3) Sound, warcry, a cry (in general); 啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶� 啶夃う啶啶む啶むい啷嵿ぐ (腻办谤补苍诲补 udabh奴ttatra) Kath腻sarits腻gara 1.94.
4) A friend, defender; 啶︵し啷嵿啶啶掂ぎ啶ㄠぞ啶曕啶班え啷嵿う啷� 啶う啷嵿ぐ啷� 啶曕ぞ啶ぎ啶灌ぞ啶灌た啶ㄠぞ (da峁ａ弓amevaman腻krande bhadre k腻mamah腻hin腻) Mah腻bh腻rata (Bombay) 1.172.9.
5) A brother.
6) A fierce or violent combat, war, battle.
7) A place of crying.
8) A king who prevents an ally from aiding another; a king whose kingdom lies next but one. 啶ぞ啶班啶粪啶｀た啶椸啶班ぞ啶灌 啶� 啶膏啶啶班啶曕啶粪啶� 啶むぅ啶距啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶︵啶班 啶� 啶ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶侧 (p腻r峁ａ箛igr腻ha峁� ca sa峁僷rek峁a tath腻krandra峁� ca ma峁囜笉ale) Manusm峁泃i 7.27 (see Kull. thereon). cf. also Kau. A.6.2. cf... 啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶︵ 啶︵ぞ啶班啶｀ 啶班ぃ啷� 啷� 啶嗋ぐ啶距さ啷� 啶班啶︵え啷� 啶む啶班ぞ啶むぐ啶� (腻krando d腻ru峁噀 ra峁噀 | 腻r腻ve rodane tr腻tari) ... ()| Nm. 啶た啶む啶班ぎ啶距啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶︵ぞ啶啶ぞ啶� 啶掂ぞ 啶掂啶ぞ啶ぞ啶︵く啶苦い啷佮啶距ぎ啶� (mitram腻krand腻bhy腻峁� v腻 vy腻p腻dayituk腻ma岣�) Kau. A.1.16.
Derivable forms: 腻办谤补苍诲补岣� (啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶︵).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary膧办谤补苍诲补 (啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶�).鈥攎fn.
(-苍诲补岣�-苍诲腻-苍诲补峁�) Who checks or restrains. m.
(-苍诲补岣�) 1. Crying, crying out. 2. Calling. 3. Weeping, sobbing. 4. Sound. 5. Violence. 6. Furious or violent combat. 7. A friend. 8. A brother. 9. A king, a lord. 10. A usurper. 11. A king who prevents an ally from aiding another. E. 腻峁�, kranda to cry, to sound, &c. ac aff.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary膧办谤补苍诲补 (啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶�).鈥擺腻-办谤补苍诲 + a], m. 1. Calling loud, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 8, 292. 2. Cry of lamentation, [Kath腻sarits腻gara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 10, 94. 3. A king, whose kingdom lies next but one, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 7, 207; cf. K腻m. N墨tis. viii. 17; 43; 46; sqq.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary膧办谤补苍诲补 (啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶�).鈥擺masculine] cry, call; friend, protector, [especially] the neighbour of a (king鈥檚) neighbour.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 膧办谤补苍诲补 (啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶�):鈥擺=腻-办谤补苍诲补] [from 腻-办谤补苍诲] m. crying, crying out, [Manu-sm峁泃i viii, 292; R腻m腻ya峁嘺]
2) [v.s. ...] war-cry, [Atharva-veda xii, 1, 41]
3) [v.s. ...] lamenting, weeping, [Mah腻bh腻rata] etc.
4) [v.s. ...] 鈥榓 friend or protector鈥� [only [negative] an-腻办谤补苍诲补 mf(腻)n. 鈥榥ot having on whom to call for help鈥�, 鈥榳ithout a protector鈥� [Mah腻bh腻rata i, 6568; iii, 13859]]
5) [v.s. ...] a king who is the friend of a neighbouring king and checks the attack made on him by another king (called p腻r峁ａ箛i-gr腻ha q.v.), [Manu-sm峁泃i vii, 207; Var腻ha-mihira鈥檚 B峁沨at-sa峁僪it腻; K腻mandak墨ya-n墨tis腻ra]
6) [v.s. ...] (= sa峁僩r腻ma) war, battle, [Naigha峁囜弓uka, commented on by Y腻ska]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary膧办谤补苍诲补 (啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶�):鈥擺腻-办谤补苍诲补] (苍诲补岣�) 1. m. Crying; calling.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)膧办谤补苍诲补 (啶嗋啷嵿ぐ啶ㄠ啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: 础办办补峁僤补.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus膧kra峁僤a (嗖嗋矔喑嵿舶嗖傕拨):鈥�
1) [noun] = 嗖嗋矔喑嵿舶嗖傕拨嗖� [akramdana].
2) [noun] a fierce combat; a war; a battle.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Akramdanadhvani, Akramdanamgey, Akramdatsvara, Akrandaka, Akrandamala, Akrandana, Akrandanem, Akrandaniya.
Full-text: Durakranda, Nirakranda, Anakranda, Akrandika, Akkamda, Sakranda, Krand, Jayin, Paura, Yayin, Tandula, Prakriti, Tan, Nagara.
Relevant text
Search found 17 books and stories containing Akranda, A-kranda, 膧-kranda, Akramda, 膧kra峁僤a, 膧办谤补苍诲补; (plurals include: Akrandas, krandas, Akramdas, 膧kra峁僤as, 膧办谤补苍诲补s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Shishupala-vadha (Study) (by Shila Chakraborty)
Dv腻da艣ar腻ja-尘补峁囜笉补濒补 (The twelve kings) < [Chapter 3 - Six fold policies of a king (峁⒛遽笉gu峁噛a)]
Conception about Friend and Foe < [Chapter 1 - Concept of Vijig墨峁 king]
峁⒛遽笉gu峁噛a according to Kau峁璱laya < [Chapter 3 - Six fold policies of a king (峁⒛遽笉gu峁噛a)]
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by 艢r墨 艢r墨mad Bhaktived腻nta N腻r腻yana Gosv腻m墨 Mah腻r腻ja)
Verse 1.6.125 < [Chapter 6 - Priyatama (the most beloved devotees)]
Brihat Samhita (by N. Chidambaram Iyer)
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Politics and Administration (2): Defence and Foreign Policy < [Chapter 3 - Social Aspects]
Kautilya Arthashastra (by R. Shamasastry)
Chapter 13 - Considerations about an Enemy in the Rear < [Book 7 - The End of the Six-fold Policy]
Chapter 4 - Neutrality after Proclaiming War or after Concluding a Treaty of Peace < [Book 7 - The End of the Six-fold Policy]
Chapter 2 - Concerning Peace and Exertion < [Book 6 - The Source of Sovereign States]
Alankara Sastra (English study) (by V. Raghavan)
7. Table of the Lakshanas in the various lists < [Chapter 1 - The history of Lakshana (poetic adornments)]
5. Other writers on the subject of Laksana < [Chapter 1 - The history of Lakshana (poetic adornments)]