Significance of Pessimism
Pessimism in India history encompasses a philosophical stance, as critiqued by Hardy, who believed it was often mischaracterized and could provide a practical lens on life's uncertainties. Additionally, it manifests in literature, highlighting gloom and discouragement, which contrasts with Gorky's advocacy for optimism and resilience. Khayyam's poetry also reflects an attitude of pessimism, conveying a bleak perspective on life and existence. Overall, pessimism serves as a significant theme in philosophical thought and literary expression.
Synonyms: Despair, Cynicism, Gloom, Hopelessness, Fatalism, Doubt, Despondency, Gloominess, Skepticism, Melancholy, Distrust, Hopelessness.
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
The concept of Pessimism in local and regional sources
Pessimism, as noted, represents a bleak outlook in Khayyam's poetry, contrasts Hardy's more pragmatic view on life's challenges, and is often highlighted in literature, opposing Gorky's emphasis on optimism and resilience.
From: Triveni Journal
(1) This concept is often associated with Hardy and his novels, but the text suggests that he viewed it as a strategic approach to life, where one is prepared for the worst, and unexpected improvements become a pleasant surprise.[1] (2) A prevailing attitude in Khayyam's poetry suggesting a bleak view of life and existence.[2] (3) An outlook often found in literature that emphasizes gloom and discouragement, counter to Gorky's philosophy which seeks to promote optimism and resilience.[3] (4) A philosophical attitude that Hardy argued against; he believed it to be mischaracterized and suggested it could offer a practical viewpoint on life's uncertainties.[4]
From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda
(1) This is a state of mind, which comes from the author's difficult experiences, which the recipient will come to understand.[5]