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Significance of Messenger

In Jainism, the term Messenger encompasses various roles of individuals tasked with conveying messages and facilitating communication between important figures, such as kings and deities. Examples include messengers sent by Kings Jitashatru and Kumbha to negotiate marriages, and figures who communicate vital orders or information, like Vasudeva conveying messages for Dhanada. This highlights the critical role of the messenger in political, social, and spiritual contexts, reflecting the broader significance of communication within these ancient traditions.1
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Synonyms: Courier, Envoy, Herald, Runner, Intermediary.

In Finnish: Messenger; In German: Bote; In Dutch: Boodschapper; In Spanish: Mensajero; In Malay: Utusan; In Swedish: 叠耻诲产盲谤补谤别; In French: Messager

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Messenger'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, "Messenger" embodies various roles, from a negotiator of identity to individuals chosen by the Buddha or kings to relay messages and teachings, emphasizing communication, community, and the transmission of spiritual knowledge.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6

(1) One who carries a message, in this story referring to the tortoise trying to negotiate his identity while trying to escape capture.[1]

From: Maha Buddhavamsa鈥擳he Great Chronicle of Buddhas

(1) Individuals sent between King Bimbisara and King Pukkusati to convey messages and gifts, facilitating their friendship.[2]

From: Vinaya (2): The Mahavagga

(1) A person sent by Udena to summon the Bhikkhus.[3]

From: Vinaya (3): The Cullavagga

(1) A person who conveys information, such as announcing a Bhikkhu's probationary status.[4]

From: Vinaya Pitaka (1): Bhikkhu-vibhanga (the analysis of Monks鈥� rules)

(1) A messenger is a person sent to deliver messages or items, in this case, to present the robe-fund and robe to the venerable Upananda.[5]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

(1) An individual sent by the Buddha to deliver a message or offering, signifying communication across distances.[6]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Hindu concept of 'Messenger'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, the term "Messenger" encompasses various roles, including individuals tasked with delivering messages, facilitating royal communication, and acting as intermediaries between kings and subjects, exemplified by figures like Shri Krishna and other significant characters.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Garga Samhita (English)

(1) An individual who accompanied Lord Krishna during His sudden descent from the sky.[7] (2) A character who travels and plays an important role in conveying messages.[8] (3) The character who conveys information from the people to the king.[9] (4) The individual who travels to Mathura to convey a message, symbolizing communication and respect in the royal setting.[10] (5) The individual who is tasked with delivering a message or inquiry.[11]

From: Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu

(1) Refers to the character tasked with conveying messages, particularly in the context of rekindling moments of joy and connection.[12] (2) An individual tasked with delivering a message, particularly concerning matters of importance or urgency.[13]

From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)

(1) The role of Bhagavan Shri Krishna as a communicator or envoy, underlining instances where He conveyed important messages to the Pandavas.[14]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Devi Bhagavata Purana

(1) The envoy sent by Mahisha to Indra to threaten and challenge him on Mahisha's behalf.[15]

From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Shastri)

(1) The individuals dispatched by Shri Vasishtha to bring back the two princes and carry important messages.[16]

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) In this context, Nala is asked by the Lokapalas to assist them, showcasing his importance.[17]

From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Griffith)

(1) The 'messenger' is a person who is sent by the monarch to deliver a message, in this case, to call Rama to his presence.[18]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) Individuals who convey information and are not to be harmed due to their non-combatant status.[19] (2) The king鈥檚 servant employed in matters relating to peace and war.[20]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Jain concept of 'Messenger'

Jainism Books

In Jainism, the keyphrase "Messenger" encompasses various figures who facilitate communication, showcasing their vital role in societal interactions, diplomacy, and requests among kings, emphasizing the significance of conveying messages across different contexts.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) The man sent by Rukmini to negotiate the marriage of Vaidarbhi to Pradyumna.[21] (2) A person sent by King Jitashatru to request Malli鈥檚 hand from King Kumbha, indicating the seriousness of his intentions.[22] (3) Vasudeva's role as a servant conveying a message from Dhanada to Kanakavati, emphasizing the importance of communication in their society.[23] (4) A figure sent by King Damitari to urge Anantavirya and Aparajita to comply with his command regarding the slave-girls.[24] (5) A character sent by King Candapradyota to communicate his commands to Shatanika regarding Mrigavati.[25]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

The concept of Messenger in local and regional sources

History Books

The keyphrase "Messenger" represents characters that convey important messages鈥攕ymbolizing futility in waiting, facilitating communication in court structures, and guiding towards spiritual purity beyond forms and philosophical dilemmas.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) The character who brings the disappointing news of Godot's non-arrival, representing the futility of their waiting.[26] (2) A character who delivers messages between Kautilya and the King, indicating the communication roles present in the court structure.[27]

From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda

(1) The Messenger came to show the path, emphasizing that the spirit is not found in forms or philosophical problems, but in purity.[28]

Plural form: L盲hettil盲盲t.