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Significance of Marana

Marana is a multi-faceted concept that encompasses both death and an important incineration process in Ayurveda. In the context of death, it signifies the cessation of life and the associated emotional turmoil. In Ayurvedic practice, Marana refers to the incineration of raw materials, particularly metals and minerals, transforming them into safe, therapeutically effective ash known as Bhasma. This process is vital for enhancing the medicinal properties of these materials, ensuring their suitability for consumption in Ayurvedic formulations.

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The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Marana'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, Marana signifies the perception of death, integral to the sanna lists, and represents the unavoidable fate of all beings, reflecting Siddhattha's journey and the inevitable nature of mortality.

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

(1) The perception of death, which is a key component of the sanna lists.[1]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Maha Buddhavamsa鈥擳he Great Chronicle of Buddhas

(1) The Pali word for death, described as an unavoidable fate of all beings, as articulated in Siddhattha's journey.[2]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Hindu concept of 'Marana'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Marana signifies death, embodying fear and suffering, relates to shatkarmas and liquidation, describes the dying process versus death, and reflects the ultimate despair of losing a loved one or love itself.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Kathopanishad (Madhva commentary)

(1) Refers to the process of dying, as opposed to death itself, and is discussed in relation to the condition of the Jiva post-mortem.[3]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)

(1) The concept of death, recognized as a significant source of fear and suffering in human life.[4]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Jain concept of 'Marana'

Jainism Books

In Jainism, Marana signifies death, characterized by the end of sensory experiences and vital functions, resulting from individual modifications, as well as the cessation of respiration in a living being.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)

(1) Death; the cessation or destruction of respiration in a living being.[5] (2) Death, defined as the loss of senses and vitalities at the end of one鈥檚 lifespan, resulting from one鈥檚 own modifications.[6]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

The concept of Marana in local and regional sources

History Books

Marana is a term associated with the process of killing or calcination of mercury and metals, and it has related synonymous translations in Persian, highlighting its significance in alchemical practices.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: History of Science in South Asia

(1) This is a term that refers to the killing or calcination of mercury and metals, and it is also translated using synonymous terms in Persian.[7]