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Significance of Highest truth

The concept of Highest truth in Buddhism and other philosophies refers to the ultimate realities that transcend ordinary understanding, illusions, and perceptions, guiding practitioners toward enlightenment. This truth encompasses profound insights into existence and the principles governing reality, seen in various traditions including Tibetan Buddhism, Vaishnavism, and Vedanta. Each perspective highlights the importance of this ultimate understanding in achieving liberation and ethical living, emphasizing that it transcends common knowledge and cultivates a deeper grasp of spiritual essence and existence.1
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Synonyms: Ultimate truth, Absolute truth, Supreme truth, Fundamental truth, Transcendent truth, Ultimate reality, Deepest truth

In Dutch: Hoogste waarheid; In Finnish: Korkein totuus; In Spanish: La verdad m谩s alta; In German: H枚chste Wahrheit; In Malay: Kebenaran tertinggi; In Swedish: H枚gsta sanning; In French: La plus haute v茅rit茅

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Highest truth'

Buddhism Books

The Highest truth in Buddhism, known as paramartha-satya, is an ultimate reality achieved through transcending ignorance, leading to enlightenment. It encompasses profound insights into existence, unity, and the essence of emptiness, beyond conventional understanding.

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Akshayamatinirdesha [english]

(1) This involves understanding the sameness of all moments of existence and realizing the absence of duality between the one eliminating and the one being eliminated, leading to a state of consciousness.[1] (2) This refers to a specific aspect that can be discerned among the moments of existence, representing a fundamental and ultimate reality.[2] (3) The ultimate reality that transcends thoughts and expressions, representing the pure state of being.[3] (4) The ultimate truth that represents the essence of emptiness and the absence of inherent existence.[4] (5) The ultimate understanding or realization that is presented in explicit scriptures.[5]

From: Lotus Sutra (Saddharma-Pundarika)

(1) The ultimate reality and understanding that the Buddha has attained, which demonstrates the nature of existence and the path to liberation.[6]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Significance in Buddhism (general):

From: The Fo-Sho-Hing-Tsan-King (A Life of Buddha)

(1) The ultimate realities that the Tathagata reveals, transcending ordinary understanding.[7] (2) The ultimate reality or principles governing existence, which Buddha mastered and sought to impart to all living beings.[8] (3) The ultimate understanding or reality that transcends ordinary perceptions, known in Buddhism as the true nature of existence and the path to liberation.[9]

From: The Great Chariot

(1) The ultimate reality or understanding that transcends all illusions and leads to enlightenment.[10]

Significance in Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism):
Tibetan Buddhism Books

From: Tattvasangraha [with commentary]

(1) The ultimate reality that, when understood, grants profound knowledge and insight into existence.[11] (2) An ultimate reality perceived by individuals who have transcended ignorance and impurities, gaining clarity beyond illusory cognitions.[12] (3) The ultimate reality as described by the teachings of unity, which surpasses common understandings and provides genuine prosperity.[13]

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayana) are collected indepently.

Hindu concept of 'Highest truth'

Hinduism Books

The Highest truth in Hinduism signifies the ultimate reality beyond duality, achieved through spiritual understanding of the Self's connection to Brahman, promoting enlightenment, ethical living, and transcending worldly knowledge to access profound spiritual wisdom.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Mandukya Upanishad

(1) The ultimate reality or principle that is acknowledged as the most fundamental truth in Nondualist philosophy.[14] (2) This is the ultimate understanding or realization which represents the Absolute singularity of existence.[15] (3) The highest truth is the understanding that Consciousness is eternally pure and unsullied from the beginning.[16] (4) The truth that the identity of Jiva and Atman should be recognized and praised as the ultimate understanding.[17] (5) The ultimate reality that asserts nothing is born or originates.[18]

From: Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya)

(1) The ultimate reality that individuals can access through understanding and discrimination, allowing them to transcend grief.[19] (2) The ultimate reality that transcends duality and is realized through knowledge and teaching.[20] (3) The supreme goal of existence as described in the context of the Upanishads.[21] (4) The ultimate reality that can be realized by those who rest in the understanding that they do not need further knowledge.[22] (5) Refers to the ultimate realization that nothing is ever born, especially in relation to the concept of Brahman.[23]

From: Vivekachudamani

(1) The ultimate reality or understanding that, if not known, renders the study of Scriptures ineffective.[24] (2) The ultimate understanding of reality that encompasses only the Self, disregarding all other appearances.[25] (3) The most profound realization that exists beyond the realms of relativity and distinctions of the mind.[26] (4) The ultimate reality that transcends the apparent existence of the universe, linked with the Absolute Brahman.[27]

From: Chandogya Upanishad (Shankara Bhashya)

(1) The ultimate reality or understanding that transcends worldly knowledge, which is the focus of the teachings for the highest grade disciple.[28]

From: Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja)

(1) The ultimate reality or knowledge that is considered the most profound understanding within spiritual teachings.[29]

From: Kaivalya Upanishad

(1) The ultimate reality that transcends duality, representing a state of understanding that is beyond the ordinary distinctions of high and low.[30]

From: Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya)

(1) The most accurate understanding of existence and Brahman that the Upanishads aim to express.[31]

From: Chandogya Upanishad (english Translation)

(1) This refers to the ultimate understanding or realization of the Self and its relationship to Brahman, which the individuals in the dialogue have not yet attained.[32]

From: Thirty minor Upanishads

(1) The ultimate existential reality understood through the absorption of manas.[33]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Devi Bhagavata Purana

(1) The ultimate reality or knowledge that leads to peace and understanding.[34] (2) The ultimate reality or essence that beings strive to understand, often obscured by Maya.[35]

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) The ultimate understanding that promotes the welfare of all creatures, transcending basic knowledge.[36] (2) The fundamental principles that form the basis of right conduct and ethical living, from which all duties derive.[37]

From: Sanatsujatiya (English translation)

(1) The ultimate reality or spiritual attainment that can be achieved through the life of a Brahmacarin.[38]

From: Gautami Mahatmya

(1) The ultimate principle or knowledge that determines a learned individual, in contrast to those who perceive differences among the Devas.[39]

From: Anugita (English translation)

(1) The supreme reality or understanding that transcends ordinary perceptions and beliefs.[40]

From: Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4

(1) The ultimate or most profound reality that exists.[41]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Chaitanya Mangala

(1) The essential and most significant principles or revelations that Lord Gaura is imparting to Murari.[42] (2) The concept that total dedication and offering to Krishna is the supreme path to enlightenment and fulfillment.[43]

From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)

(1) The profound and ultimate realities recognized by esteemed personalities in the context of the Pandavas and Kauravas.[44]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Kavya (poetry):
Kavya Books

From: Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story)

(1) The ultimate knowledge and understanding associated with wise individuals, particularly the hermits mentioned.[45]

Kavya refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or 鈥榚pic poetry鈥� and natya, or 鈥榙ramatic poetry鈥�.

The concept of Highest truth in local and regional sources

History Books

The Highest Truth encompasses profound understanding of existence, duality, and ultimate reality. It symbolizes simplicity in spiritual insights, as conveyed through various texts like Vachanas and Ram Charitmanas, reflecting deep philosophical contemplation.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda

(1) The most profound and important realities, and a society is greatest when it can make these truths practical, and if not, the society must be changed.[46] (2) The text mentions that women taught the highest truths and received the same veneration as men in the Vedas and Upanishads, underscoring their spiritual roles.[47] (3) The highest truths should be preached, and there should be no compromise in presenting them to the people.[48] (4) The highest truth is the ultimate reality, which is sought after by those who are brave enough to ask and understand the universe.[49] (5) The highest truth is described as always being the simplest, indicating that complexity is not a necessary component of truth.[50]

From: Triveni Journal

(1) The ultimate understanding of life and existence that Gautama Buddha sought and attained through meditation and contemplation.[51] (2) Refers to the profound understanding of existence and the duality of life and death, as indicated by the ancient phrase about immortality.[52] (3) The ultimate spiritual realities that Ram Charitmanas aims to convey, reflecting Tulasidas's deep understanding of religion and philosophy.[53] (4) The ultimate spiritual principles and insights conveyed through the Vachanas, touching upon the nature of existence and divinity.[54]

Plural form: Highest truths.