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Significance of Friendship

Friendship, as explored across various contexts, signifies a profound bond rooted in mutual affection, loyalty, and support. In Jainism, it reflects connections formed by shared character or past life affection. South Asia depicts relationships marked by both camaraderie and eventual conflict. Arthashastra emphasizes political alliances and discussions of loyalty. Vaishnavism illustrates deep spiritual bonds, especially between Krishna and his friends. Overall, Friendship serves as a crucial theme throughout cultural narratives, underscoring emotional connections that endure through challenges and conflicts.1
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Synonyms: Companionship, Camaraderie, Fellowship, Kinship, Bond, Alliance, Amity, Intimacy

In Dutch: Vriendschap; In Finnish: 驰蝉迟盲惫测测蝉; In Spanish: Amistad; In German: Freundschaft; In Swedish: 痴盲苍蝉办补辫; In Malay: Persahabatan; In French: 础尘颈迟颈茅

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Friendship'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, Friendship encompasses loyalty, mutual respect, and support, illustrated through various bonds, such as between Crown Prince and Chandaka or Sariputta and Moggallana, emphasizing the importance of true companionship for well-being and moral guidance.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6

(1) A bond characterized by mutual respect and support, often leading to sacrifices for the well-being of the other.[1] (2) Valued in the story as a source of support and moral guidance, contrasting with the negative impact of false friendships.[2] (3) A central theme of the story, depicted as necessary for protection and well-being among the characters.[3] (4) The bond between the Bodhisatta and the mouse, which grew stronger as they supported each other.[4] (5) Describes the mutual respect and connection that developed between the merchant's son and the hunter.[5]

From: Maha Buddhavamsa鈥擳he Great Chronicle of Buddhas

(1) The bond shared between Sariputta and Moggallana, illustrating their lifelong companionship and support in seeking a spiritual path.[6] (2) The connection and mutual respect established between King Bimbisara and King Pukkusati, cemented through gifting and shared values.[7] (3) The bond created between the trader and the forest worker, which is highlighted throughout the story.[8]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Mahavastu (great story)

(1) The bond developing between the monkey and the crocodile through the sharing of fruits.[9]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Hindu concept of 'Friendship'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Friendship embodies a profound bond exemplified through key relationships, symbolizing loyalty, mutual support, and emotional connections between individuals, as seen in interactions among gods and characters, enriching narratives and social dynamics.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu

(1) The bond between individuals, highlighted in the context of addressing Mandalibhadra.[10] (2) The social bond that connects individuals, differentiated by levels of affection and support as described in the types of friends.[11] (3) A relationship characterized by mutual affection and support, as exemplified by the interaction between Baladeva and Krishna in the provided text.[12] (4) A bond characterized by deep feelings of affection and loyalty, exemplified by the emotions and actions displayed by the Pandavas upon Krishna's arrival.[13] (5) The bond that exists between Shridama and Krishna, underlying their interactions and the spirit of their competition.[14]

From: Garga Samhita (English)

(1) A close and trusted relationship between individuals, which can be impacted by treachery.[15] (2) The strong bond that was established between Shankhacuda and Kamsa during their interaction.[16] (3) The relationship formed by Krishna with the boys, as he becomes their friend.[17]

From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)

(1) The deep bond between Shri Krishna and Arjuna that influences their actions and approvals.[18]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) A relationship characterized by trust, support, and mutual respect, transcending mere acquaintance.[19] (2) The connection that exempts the Andhakas and Vrishnis from paying tribute to Yudhishthira.[20] (3) A recurring theme in the text, essential to the narrative as relationships between characters drive the plot forward.[21] (4) A close and trusting relationship founded on mutual affection and support.[22]

From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Shastri)

(1) A close and mutual bond between individuals characterized by loyalty, support, and affection.[23]

From: Gautami Mahatmya

(1) The bond formed between characters such as Varuna and Mahashani, leading to camaraderie that influences outcomes in divine narratives.[24]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Kavya (poetry):
Kavya Books

From: Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story)

(1) The relationships between characters like the monkey and the porpoise, highlighting the theme of loyalty and betrayal.[25] (2) A bond between Kalingasena and Somaprabha that holds deep significance across lifetimes.[26]

From: Harsha-charita

(1) An emotional bond characterized by mutual support, affection, and shared interests.[27]

Kavya refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or 鈥榚pic poetry鈥� and natya, or 鈥榙ramatic poetry鈥�.

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Hiranyakesi-grihya-sutra

(1) A plea for the divine to provide a harmonious and beneficial relationship, akin to a fatherly bond with his children.[28] (2) A fundamental aspect of the vows exchanged during the ceremony, emphasizing mutual support and connection between the couple.[29]

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) Friendly relations formed among individuals, particularly the social bonds that allow interactions and support.[30]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Arthashastra (politics and welfare):
Arthashastra Books

From: Hitopadesha (English translation)

(1) The bond between characters like the Deer and the Jackal, and the discussions around loyalty and betrayal that emerge throughout the narrative.[31] (2) A relationship sought by the Crow Light o' Leap, illustrating the social dynamics at play among the characters.[32]

Arthashastra literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.

Significance in Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology):
Jyotisha Books

From: Hayanaratna: The Jewel of Annual Astrology

(1) The favorable relationship between planets, often indicated by their placement in compatible signs or by specific aspects, which suggests positive outcomes in the month.[33]

Jyotisha (啶溹啶啶むた啶�, jyotisha or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Jain concept of 'Friendship'

Jainism Books

In Jainism, Friendship signifies a bond between individuals of similar character and reflects affection carried over from past lives, emphasizing spiritual connection and loyalty among friends, as demonstrated by Shri Parshva's disciples.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) A bond formed between individuals of similar character, as depicted by the disciples of Shri Parshva joining Goshalaka.[34] (2) A bond formed by affection from a previous life, highlighting the theme of spiritual connection and loyalty.[35]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

The concept of Friendship in local and regional sources

History Books

Friendship is depicted as a complex and multi-faceted relationship throughout the text, illustrating enduring connections amidst challenges, evolving bonds between characters, and the impact of societal tensions on relationships across various narratives.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) The casual relationship that Mowdgalya claims to have with Sabari, though it evolves as the narrative progresses.[36] (2) The bond developed between the author and Prof. Plusnin, transcending cultural and political differences; a significant emotional connection.[37] (3) A deep connection and bond that allows for genuine emotional and spiritual interaction between individuals.[38] (4) A central theme in D. V. Gundappa's poetry, symbolizing the enduring nature of human connection amidst the adversities of life.[39] (5) A bond that is questioned between social classes; in this context, the tension between a king and a perceived beggar.[40]

From: Folklore of the Santal Parganas

(1) The initial relationship between tigers and cats before events led to their eventual conflict.[41]

Significance in South Asia:
South Asia Books

From: Village Folk-tales of Ceylon (Sri Lanka), vol. 1-3

(1) The initial bond between the Jackal and Hare, which deteriorates by the end of the story.[42] (2) The bond shared between the Hare and the Parrot that is threatened by the Mouse-deer's influence.[43] (3) The relationship maintained between the King and Minister despite challenges.[44] (4) The relationship that develops between the poor man and the nobleman after sharing the valuable gems.[45] (5) The relationship formed between the small Lizard and the Iguana, characterized initially by camaraderie but ending in conflict and tragedy.[46]

Plural form: Friendships.