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Significance of Capital

The concept of Capital varies across multiple contexts in South Asian literature. It generally refers to the central city or administrative area of a kingdom, often characterized by its circumference measured in li. Various historical texts describe Capital as the primary city where governance and residential palaces are situated, and where significant events unfold. Additionally, it serves as the location of political authority and cultural convergence, illustrating its pivotal role in the advancement and identity of a nation.1
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Synonyms: Chief, Primary, Main, Leading, Foremost, Key, Central, Principal, Wealth, Assets, Resources, Stock, Money

In Malay: Modal; In Spanish: Capital; In French: Capital; In Dutch: Hoofdstad; In Finnish: 笔盲盲辞尘补; In German: Hauptstadt; In Swedish: Kapital

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Capital'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, "Capital" represents both the imperial city of the emperor and empress, signifying political authority, and the significant city where Panduvasudeva and his group journeyed, highlighting its importance in their narrative.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Mahavamsa

(1) The main city towards which Panduvasudeva and his group traveled.[1]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: The 6th Patriarch Platform Sutra

(1) The city where the emperor and empress reign, where Hsueh Chien was to return with a report.[2]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Hindu concept of 'Capital'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, "Capital" symbolizes the primary urban center of governance, exemplified by Ayodhya, reflecting power, authority, and cultural significance, associated with key figures like King Janaka and events tied to Rama's exile and Bharata's aspirations.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Shastri)

(1) The main city, Ayodhya, which is left despondent and cheerless after Rama's departure.[3] (2) The primary city or center of governance where King Janaka resides and where the bow contest takes place.[4] (3) The city or region that serves as the political center of the kingdom.[5] (4) The city where the seat of government or political authority is located.[6] (5) The place, likely Ayodhya, where the king longs for the return of his son, Rama.[7]

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) The main city where Yudhishthira ruled and where significant events took place.[8]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Chaitanya Bhagavata

(1) Referring to the central city or area where standard language forms are typically used, contrasting with rural dialects.[9]

From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)

(1) The major city that Shri Narada enters, which is filled with opulence.[10]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Arthashastra (politics and welfare):
Arthashastra Books

From: Kautilya Arthashastra

(1) The central city or location of power for a kingdom, often retained during peace negotiations.[11]

Arthashastra literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.

Significance in Shilpashastra (iconography):
Shilpashastra Books

From: Manasara (English translation)

(1) The top part of a pillar that serves both structural and decorative functions.[12]

Shilpashastra represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

Significance in Vastushastra (architecture):
Vastushastra Books

From: Samarangana-sutradhara (Summary)

(1) Refers to the main cities where certain types of palaces are most suitably built for governance and residential purposes.[13]

Vastushastra refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

The concept of Capital in local and regional sources

History Books

The keyphrase "Capital" encompasses various central cities across different kingdoms and regions, each playing a vital role in governance, culture, and economy, highlighting their significance as hubs of power, wealth, and societal development.

Significance in South Asia:
South Asia Books

From: Buddhist records of the Western world (Xuanzang)

(1) The main city of the Tu-ho-lo country, noted to have a circumference of about 10 li.[14] (2) The central city of the kingdom, measuring about 14 or 15 li in circuit and bordered by mountains.[15] (3) Indicates the central city or town of the country, noted for having a circuit of about 10 li.[16] (4) The central city or administrative area, which has a circuit of about 10 li.[17] (5) The principal city of the Jalandhara kingdom, which is mentioned to have a circuit of 12 or 13 li.[18]

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) This is the location where members of parliament spend much of their time, as well as where many of the government departments are, and where a member of parliament may act as an intermediary.[19] (2) The central city of the Hoysala kingdom, where events of significance to the narrative unfold.[20] (3) Hastinavati, the royal city that serves as the primary residence for Shakuntala and Dushyanta, symbolizing royal life and responsibilities.[21]

From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda

(1) This refers to Katmandu, the primary city within Nepal, highlighting its significance as a central point of the region and a place where visitors are allowed.[22] (2) This represents the core of a nation, where all wealth, ideas, education, and spirituality converge and spread, playing a pivotal role in the advancement of a country.[23] (3) This is a place the author wants to see.[24]

Plural form: Capitals.