365bet娱乐

The concept of Second death in Christianity

The Second death, according to Christianity, refers to the eternal separation from God, primarily affecting those who do not partake in the first resurrection. It represents a significant state of finality described in Revelation 21:8, indicating spiritual failure and eternal punishment. Various interpretations emphasize its role as a consequence of sin, where the soul faces endless misery and separation from God. In contrast, the first resurrection offers immunity from this profound spiritual state, highlighting the stark consequences of belief and obedience.

Synonyms: Double death, Afterlife, Spiritual death, Eternal death, Transcendence

In German: Zweiter Tod; In Dutch: Tweede dood; In Finnish: Toinen kuolema; In Spanish: Segunda muerte; In Malay: Kematian kedua; In Swedish: Andra d枚den; In French: Deuxi猫me mort

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Christian concept of 'Second death'

Christianity Books

Significance in Early Christian church and writers:
Early Christianity Books

From: Ante-nicene Fathers

(1) The second death is identified as the lake of fire and sulphur, which is the share of those who have committed certain sins while professing faith.[1] (2) The second death is something that one who is not enrolled in the cross and passion of Christ will pass over to.[2] (3) A spiritual consequence representing eternal separation from God, which has no power over those who partake in the first resurrection.[3] (4) Symbolizes punishment in hell for those who do not overcome, contrasting with the promise of immortality.[4] (5) A metaphorical death associated with the soul, resulting from wickedness and vice.[5]

From: Gospel of Thomas Commentary

(1) A concept indicating a profound transformation or transition that involves the unity of body and soul, as part of spiritual enlightenment.[6]

Early Christianity (also known as Early Church) refers to the period starting roughly in the 6th century BC up until 325 A.D. during which year the first council of Nicaea was convened. Popular literature includes the writings by the early Church Fathers which forms the basis of later Christian theology.

Significance in Global Christian community:
Catholic Church Books

From: The city of God

(1) This is described as an endless misery into which the deserved penalty of sin would have hurled all headlong, but some were saved from it by the undeserved grace of God.[7] (2) The second death is a concept referred to in divine texts and is a form of punishment that can affect both the soul and the body in a manner of eternal damnation.[8] (3) The second death is a state of damnation that those who do not experience the first or spiritual resurrection will face after the second or bodily resurrection.[9] (4) The second death is a state of eternal misery where the soul is separated from God, and the body is subjected to eternal pains.[10] (5) The text references a concept that separates individuals from a future, immortal city, which mirrors the consequences of the first death, where people are separated from the present mortal city.[11]

From: Summa Theologica (English translation)

(1) The ultimate separation from God, where one is eternally punished for unrepented mortal sin.[12]

From: The Writings of St. Francis of Assisi

(1) A concept in the Canticle related to eternal life and the fate of those who follow God's will.[13]

The Catholic Church is a global Christian community with over a billion members, rooted in the teachings of Jesus Christ. It is led by the Pope and emphasizes the sacraments, particularly the Eucharist. Catholicism is a denomination centered on the teachings thereof. It has a rich theological and cultural heritage.

Significance in Christianity (general):

From: Expositions of Holy Scripture

(1) The end for the old man is the second death, in contrast to the eternal life that is the end for the new man, as mentioned in the text.[14] (2) A concept signifying eternal separation from God, from which victors are promised immunity.[15] (3) A term unique to the Apocalypse, referring to a state of separation from God, representing the ultimate consequence of spiritual failure.[16]

From: A Dictionary of the Bible (Hastings)

(1) A term used in the New Testament (Revelation 21:8) to indicate a significant spiritual state of finality or doom.[17]

From: Bible cyclopedia, critical and expository

(1) A form of eternal separation from God, which has no power over those who partake in the first resurrection.[18]

From: The Complete Sayings of Jesus

(1) A spiritual consequence described in Revelation, representing eternal separation from God.[19]

Gnostic concept of 'Second death'

Gnosticism Books

Significance in Gnosticism (Mystical or Esoteric Christianity):

From: The Gnostics and Their Remains

(1) A state where the 谓慰峥ο� flies up to the Sun while the 蠄蠀魏峤� remains in a dreamy existence in the Moon.[20]