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According to G.W.Farrow the ganacakra rite of the tantrics was inspired by the traditional tribal communal feasting that used to be held after a harvest, a hunt, a war and so on. The tantric practitioners refined this tribal custom into a tantric one. At these assemblies the yogis and yoginis assembled and empowered themselves by singing and dancing, eating and drinking of the sacraments and sexual uniting. The realisations of advance initiates were expressed at such gatherings through Carya songs.444 At the Assembly of the Circle of Initiates only the highest adepts vocalized their realizations in a song or verse form, hence the carya songs of the Mahasiddhas and the Tibetan masters. In Hevajra Tantra, the ganacakra and its associated activities such as expressing the individual realizations of the Innate through the secretsign language (choma), as well as through carya songs and ritualised dance, along with feasting on sacramental food, are all integral to the Tantric practice. Further the tantrics developed a peculiar method to 442 Lama Thubten Yeshe, The Tantric Path of Purification (Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1995), p.129. 443 santike vartulam kundam caturasram tu paustike/ trikonam marane proktam sesan atraiva sadhayet/6// ekahastardhahastam va 'dhordhve tu santikam bhavet/ dvihastam ekahastan ca adhordhve paustikam matam/ vimsatyangulam ardham ca adhordhve maranam bhavet/7// (Hevajra Tantra (Commentary) , p.149) 444 (Hevajra Tantra [F&M]., p.299) - 230 -

transmit internal realizations and the spiritual truths. The tantrics used Secret sign language (choma) and sang Carya songs in Tantric Code Language (sandhyabhasa), performed ritualised dance all as a way of transmitting their knowledge and attainments. [Hevajra Tantra] The yogi should not think of anything as being prohibited and he should never think of anything as being inedible. There is not anything, good or bad, that he should not think or say. (1.7.24)445 [Hevajra Tantra] Then after, the empowerment of the song should be noted. The call of a swan and the hum of a bee is to be heard after the song is over. In the outer garden of the assembly ground the sound of a jackal should also be noted. (II.4.16)446 Next the various methods of transmission, which are all part of Assembly of the Circle of Initiates (ganacakra) activities will be discussed. The discussion will be concluded with the ceremony of sacramental feasting the ganacakra members.