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Prof. B.M.Barua says that the chronicles lead us to think that the hermits and wandering ascetics had penetrated into the island much earlier. The Hindu gods like 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 or Uppalva峁囜箛a and Siva were highly worshipped.

Upatissa (505-504 B.C.), the chief minister of Vijaya, governed the land for one year untl the arrival of 笔腻峁囜笉耻惫腻蝉耻诲别惫补, the younger son of Vijaya鈥檚 brother Sumitta.

笔腻峁囜笉耻惫腻蝉耻诲别惫补 (504-474 B.C.), when arrived with his thirty-two companions (they landed at the mouth of 惭补丑腻办补苍诲补谤补 River, which is not identified and probably one of the rivers falling into the see north of Manaar) in the grab of 辫补谤颈产产腻箩补办补蝉, the local people offered at once proper homage to them.

笔腻峁囜笉耻惫腻蝉耻诲别惫补 also sent to the continent for a consort, and obtained a cousin of Gautama Buddha for his wife. It appears from the descriptions of 惭补丑腻惫补峁僺补 that the 厂颈峁僪补辫耻谤补 line became deflected, and was continued through a prince who happened to be the nephew of the kings of the 厂颈峁僪补辫耻谤补 family after its second king 笔腻峁囜笉耻惫腻蝉耻诲别惫补.

叠丑补诲诲补办补肠肠腻苍腻 who also arrived in 尝补苍办腻 (at Go峁嘺驳腻尘补ka-辫补峁�峁�补苍补 at the mouth of 惭补丑腻办补苍诲补谤补-苍补诲墨) with thirty-two other maidens shortly after 笔腻峁囜笉耻惫腻蝉耻诲别惫补 arrived, was the daughter of 笔腻峁囜笉耻 Sakka, who himself was the son of Amitodana, an uncle of the Buddha.

叠丑补诲诲补办补肠肠腻苍腻 was immidiately raised to the throne.

Six brothers of 叠丑补诲诲补办补肠肠腻苍腻 also arrived at Lanka. They dispersed themselves over the Island, and founded principalities.

The chief of the cities which were founded by these brothers, are named after them. The settlement of 搁腻尘补 is called 搁腻尘补go峁嘺. Similarly the settlements of Uruvela, 础苍耻谤腻诲丑补, Vijit, 顿墨驳丑腻测耻 and 搁辞丑补峁嘺 are named after them. 础苍耻谤腻诲丑补 built a tank and a palace to the south of it.

笔腻峁囜笉耻惫腻蝉耻诲别惫补 after a prosperous reign of thirty years, died in peace, in 474 B.C., leaving ten sons and one daughter. The 顿墨辫补惫补峁僺补 mentioned this king as 笔补峁囜笉耻惫腻蝉腻.

The eldest son of 笔腻峁囜笉耻惫腻蝉耻诲别惫补 was Abhaya, who succeeded the government. The youngest child was the daughter named 颁颈迟迟腻. But since people became mad seeing her exquisite beauty, the name given to her was lengthened by an epithet 鈥�鲍尘尘腻诲补肠颈迟迟腻鈥�.

础产丑补测补鈥檚 reign was disturbed by the jealousy of his brothers, and by the ambition and rebellion of his nephew, 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya, the son of 笔腻峁囜笉耻惫腻蝉耻诲别惫补鈥檚 daughter 鲍尘尘腻诲补肠颈迟迟腻. Certain Brahmin foretold that the son of this princess would destroy his uncles and dethrone the king. Having heard this, her brothers wished her to be put to death. Abhaya opposed this but consented to have her confined alone to prevent the prediction from being fulfilled.When 顿颈驳丑补驳腻尘补峁嚹�, the son of prince 顿墨驳丑腻测耻, heard of 鲍尘尘腻诲补肠颈迟迟腻, went, to see her, to 鲍辫补迟颈蝉蝉补驳腻尘补, and there sought out the ruler of the land. The king appointed him together with the vice reagent, to service at the royal court.

顿墨驳丑补驳腻尘补峁噄 having seen the princess, who is represented as having been exquisitely beautiful, met her using various means. When the king and his brothers, came to know this, they consented to the marriage, resolving that should the offspring prove a son it should be immediately put to death. 鲍尘尘腻诲补肠颈迟迟腻 found means to deceive them; and having obtained a female child lately born, by the substitution saved the life of her son 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya.

The brothers of the reigning monarch having heard of the deception used their utmost endeavours to put the dreaded youth to death. But failing, their hatred went on increasing on account of the prophecy which they feared.

The herdsman Citta and the slave 碍腻岣穠别濒补, the two trusted servants of Umm膩da-颁颈迟迟腻, were murdered by the princes because they would not agree with the treacherous plot of her brothers, and were reborn as 驰补办峁�a蝉 and that both of them kept guard over the child 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya in the mother鈥檚 womb.

These two 驰补办峁�a蝉, Citta and 碍腻岣穉惫别濒补, saved the babe 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya from his uncles by showing them a wild boar in the tumbarakandara forest to divert their attention so that the servant-maid might run away with the basket carrying the baby. He was brought up in 顿惫腻谤补尘补峁囜笉补濒补办补, but several times his uncles discovering his whereabouts, tried to kill him.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya was entrusted by his mother to a Brahmana named 笔腻峁囜笉耻la who was wealthy and well-versed in the Vedas. He trained 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya in the arts and sciences necessary for a king, and gave him wealth sufficient to raise an army to fight his enemies. 笔腻峁囜笉耻la鈥檚 son Canda was given as friend and counsellor to 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya married by force his uncle 骋颈谤颈办补峁囜笉补鈥檚 daughter 厂耻惫补峁囜箛辫腻濒墨 and declared war upon his uncles, all of whom, except the eldest Abhaya, had determined to slay him.They gave battle and their soldiers were defeated at a place called Kalahanagara by 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya. 厂耻惫补峁囜箛补p膩li鈥檚 five brothers were slain in the battle-field of 尝辞丑颈迟补惫腻丑补办丑补峁囜笉补 by Canda the son of 笔补峁囜笉耻濒补. With a great host 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya marched from thence to the further shore of the 骋补峁単腻 towards the 顿辞岣穉-尘辞耻苍迟补颈苍.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya captured and subdued a Valv膩r奴p膩 驰补办办丑颈苍墨 named Ceti膩, who dwelt in 顿丑奴尘补谤补办办丑补-pabbata and wanderd about in the form of a mare near the lake named Tumbariya峁単ana. She was greatly helpful to him in his war against his uncles.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya lived in Dhumarakkha-pabbata for four years.In the mean time, Abhaya fearing the result of the conflict, sent a secret embassy to him proposing that he should reign over that part of kingdom which he already possessed, and that, thus a partition of the island should be made into two sovereignties. We are not informed of the answer of 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya to this proposal. Perhaps the embassy was sent without the approval of his uncles. When they heard of the proposal, they became angry, dethorned Abhaya and conferred the sovereignty on their brother Tissa (454鈥�437 B.C.), the second son of P膩峁卍uv膩sudeva.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya once more took active measures to bring out the desired consummation and lived for seven years in 础谤颈峁�峁�丑补-pabbata.Following the counsel of Cetiya, or being assisted by the aborigins, the Yakkhas, he enticed his uncles into a trap and slew them and their followers at 尝腻产耻驳腻尘补办补.

He then proceeded to 础苍耻谤腻诲丑补pura. His uncle Abhaya was made Nagara-guttika, and to him was given over the government of the city by night.

It is to be noted here that. Paku峁囜笉aka of the 顿墨辫补惫补尘蝉补 and 笔腻峁囜笉耻ka Abhaya of the 惭补丑腻惫补峁僺补 are same persons. Pakundaka was known as a robber (Coro), up to the King 础产丑补测补鈥檚 twenty regnal years. He aquired throne, when he was seventeen and within ten years of his reign, he established a boundary around the city of Anuradhapura and brought peace throughout his kingdom. B.C.Law opines that, the royal line of Vijaya or better to say Pa峁囜笉uv膩sa became deflected with rulership of Paku峁囜笉aka or Paku峁囜笉aka Abhaya.

Operations of 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya:

Geiger, in his inquiry, could not find the village 笔腻峁囜笉耻la驳腻尘补ka, where P膩峁呩笉uk膩bhaya took refuge from the persecution of his uncles. He took 笔补峁嘺 near 碍腻蝉补辫补产产补迟补 as the point, where 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya started gatherting his followers, for the battle against his uncles. From 笔补峁嘺 he did not directly marched northward to the then capital of the country 鲍辫补迟颈蝉蝉补驳腻尘补. He was not strong enough for this. He, at first brought the border-districts under his power. For that he marched first towards the south-east, more or less along the opposite direction which Du峁�峁環a驳腻尘补峁噄 followed. Probably the old millitary road ran along here. So he went first into the district of 骋颈谤颈办补峁囜笉补siva between the Ka岣穟waewa and the 搁颈峁璱驳补濒补. Geiger connected this with that of Girilaka, which is mentioned in Mhv. xxv, 47, with reference to Du峁�峁璦驳腻尘补峁嚹�鈥檚 campaign.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya then marched southward of 搁颈峁璱驳补濒补 along with the people of Girika峁呩笉a艣iva to the spot where the Ambanga峁単膩 and Mahawaeliga峁単膩 unite. The battle of Kalaha-nagara had happened at this spot which is the Kalahagala of the present day, situated 7-8 miles distant from the Mineri-Lake. The second battle field of 尝辞丑颈迟补惫腻丑补办丑补峁囜笉补 is not far from here.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya marched with his army on the further shore of the 骋补峁単腻 toward the 顿辞岣穉 Mountain. He crossed the river at the Kacchaka-ford, at the Mahaganato峁璦 below the spot where the Ambanaganga flows into the Mahawaeliganga.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya had done his next operation at the 顿辞岣穉-尘辞耻苍迟补颈苍. There is a village named Dolagalawela in the Bintenne district, twenty miles to the north of the aforesaid place bearing the memory. The place is now called Alutnuwara.

The four years that 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya spent near the 顿辞岣穉-mountain for the preparation of the battle was possible for the fact that the whole province of 搁辞丑补峁嘺, with all its resources was behind him. Thus the most important or the only ford of Mahawaeliganga was under his power.

In the meantime 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya鈥檚 uncles also marched and fortified themselves on the Dhumarakkha-mountain, on the left bank of the Mahwaeliganga, not far from the Kacchaka ford, to prevent 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya from crossing the river.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya took the risk of crossing at first and defeated the enemy in fight. He then forwarded on the direct road to the capital.

On the 础谤颈峁�峁�丑补-pabbata (搁颈峁璱驳补濒补) he fixed a camp for the preparation of final operations. His uncles once more marched against him with fresh troops. The decisive battle took place near 尝腻产耻-驳腻尘补办补, the L膩bunoruwa of the present day, on the north-west slope of the 搁颈峁璱驳补濒补. 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya won the battle.

The road of the capital was then open to him. He took possesion of it. Assuming the entire sovereignty, he removed the royal residence to 础苍耻谤腻诲丑补pura.

Works done by 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya (437-367 B.C.):

After establishing peace, 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya proceeded to lay out his capital as a city. When 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya entered 础苍耻谤腻诲丑补pura after the desruction of his enimies, the old chief offered his house to his victorious grand-nephew and went to live in another house.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya did not build a palace for his residence. Rather he removed the seat of government from 鲍辫补迟颈蝉蝉补-驳腻尘补 to 础苍耻谤腻诲丑补pura, which was founded by one of the brother-in-Law of 笔腻峁囜笉耻惫腻蝉耻诲别惫补, and was at that time an inconsiderable village.笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya developed it to a capital worthy of high rank.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya ordered the chatta, or the State Umbrella of his uncles, to be brought, and purified by washing it in a natural lake (j膩tassare) in 础苍耻谤腻诲丑补pura. Then he placed it over him and executed his own coronation with the water of the same lake. Then he consecrated himself with 厂耻惫补峁囜箛补-笔腻濒墨, his spouse as queen.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya did not forget those who helped him in his worst days and who made him enable to meet the goal which he desired.He raised Canda to the rank of a chief minister. He made his eldest uncle Abhaya, to whom he was indebted for his life and protection, the governor for the night time or Nagaraguttika; for it gave him an employment of honour and emolument, at the same time, kept him continually under the eye of the monarch. He handed over to his uncle and father-in-Law, 骋颈谤颈办补峁囜笉补siva the district of 骋颈谤颈办补峁囜笉补.

He had the lake deepened and abundantly filled with water from which he had taken water at the time of his consecration and it was known by the name 闯补测补惫腻辫颈.

The Yakkhas, who had helped him in his struggle for the throne, he showed them honour. He settled the yakkha 碍腻岣穉惫别濒补 on the east side of the city, 颁颈迟迟补谤腻箩补 at the lower end of the Abhaya tank, and the 驰补办办丑颈苍墨 颁颈迟迟腻, who was his mother鈥檚 servant in her previous birth was placed at the south gate of the city out of gratitude. He kept with love the 驰补办办丑颈苍墨 Valv膩mukh墨 within the royal precincts and arranged for yearly sacrificial offerings to them and to other Yakkhas. On festival days 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya sat with 颁颈迟迟补谤腻箩补 beside him on an equal seat, and having gods and men to dance before him the king took his pleasure in joyous and merry wise.

It is asserted that 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya also built a house for the Yakkha Maheja.No other information is available for this deity. But it is recorded that at the time of Dev膩n膩mpiya-tissa, the state elephant bearing the sacred relics that were to be enshrined in 罢丑奴辫腻谤腻尘补 proceeded as far as the shrine of Yakkha Maheja. There is no mention of this shrine later.笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya was a king who was able to established his kingdom firmly by granting his favour to all who deserve it and making a strong bonding of affection with all of his persons.

The king constructed large capacious tanks like Jaya, Abhaya, and 骋腻尘颈苍 to supply water to the city.

To convert the 础苍耻谤腻诲丑补pura-驳腻尘补 to the great city Anuradhapura, which thenceforth was the capital of 尝补苍办腻, 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya consulted the astrologers as well as the persons well-versed in the art of town-planning and the general science of architecture.

Four suburbs (dv膩ra驳腻尘补) were made around the city. The Yakkha shrines were built on its four sides, and one inside the palace area. He laid out also the common cemetary, a place of execution, chapels of the queens of the west, the banyan tree of Vessavara峁嘺 and the palmyra-palm of Vyadhi-deva, separate dwelling place for the Yonas, sacrificial place near the western side of his capital. He appointed five hundred 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补蝉 to attend to the cleanliness of the city; two hundred others to the work of cleaning the sewers, one hundred and fifty superintended the burial of the dead and their removal from the city to the cemetary. To the north-west of the general cemetary there was a village called Ca峁囜笉膩la驳腻尘补 for the 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补蝉 who were employed in the city.

This village seems to have had a population at least of about two-thousand people during 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya鈥檚 time. To the north-east of this village there was a cemetary, exclusively for 颁补峁囜笉腻濒补蝉, known as 狈墨肠补蝉耻蝉腻苍补 (Lower cemetary) 94.

He built a line of huts between the 狈墨肠蝉耻蝉腻苍补 and 笔腻蝉腻苍补-辫补产产补迟补 for the huntsmen. Perhaps these huntsmen supplied meat regularly to the city.

Among 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya鈥檚 buildings in 础苍耻谤腻诲丑补pura is included a dwelling place for brahmanas (产谤腻尘补苍补-惫补迟迟丑耻峁�) and 膧箩墨惫颈办补蝉, and a shelter for ladies going to give birth of babies and a hall for those recovering from illness.

Towards the north of the N墨casu膩na, as far as the 骋腻尘补苍墨-tank, a hermitage was made for many ascetics; eastward of that of same cemetary the ruler built houses for the 狈颈驳补峁囜弓丑补 Jotiya, Giri, and 碍耻尘产丑补峁囜笉补. He is reported to have built a devakula (chapel) for 碍耻尘产丑补峁囜笉补 and it was known after the name of that niga峁囜弓ha. The monasteries (assamapad膩ni) of these three 苍颈驳补峁囜弓丑补蝉, have been in existence even during the time of King Dev膩n膩mpiya-tissa and they were included within the boundaries or the Mah膩s墨m膩. 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya established the village boundaries over the whole of the island of 尝补苍办腻 after ten years of his consecration.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya had assumed the rule over the kingdom at the age of thirty-seven, reigned for full seventy years in fair and wealthy 础苍耻谤腻诲丑补pura.

笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya, evidently was the greatest king of pre-Buddhist Ceylon, was the grandson of 顿墨驳丑腻测耻, one of the six S膩kya princes who came from north India. It was through 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya that the Sinhalese kings traced their descent to the S膩kya clan to which the Buddha belonged.

Some confusion arises respecting the successor of 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya. 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya is stated to have reigned seventy years, while his son Mu峁璦艣iva suceeds and reigns sixty years, a period of time quite inconsistent with the ordinary duration of human life. In the chronicles like R膩j膩valia, 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya is represented as having associated his son Ganatissa with himself in the government.

According to William Knighton, it would seem more probable that Ganatissa succeeded his father and as the R膩j膩valiya asserts, reigned for thirteen years. He is then succeded by 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya鈥檚 another son Mu峁璦艣iva. By interposing the reign of Ganatissa the difficulty is greatly diminished. Nothing is known about the reign of Ganatissa.

Little is known about 惭耻峁璦艣颈惫补鈥檚 (367-307 B.C.) reign also. He constructed a royal garden named 惭补丑腻尘别驳丑补惫补苍补, so called from a very heavy shower of rain which occurred at the period when it was being laid out. This garden was provided with all kinds of fruit and flower, bearing the trees in the utmost profusion. It may be concluded that the energetic and excellent reign of 笔腻峁囜笉耻k膩bhaya would cause his immediate successors to reign in happiness and peace over prosperous subjects.