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conceptual proximity to the terrific Bhairava aspect of major
Brahmanical god 艢iva.
Nispannayoq盲vali, the celebrated Buddhist text of
c. 12th century A .D. gives us a detailed idea about the large
number Brahmanical divinities that are included in the Buddhist
pantheon. Nispannayog膩val墨 is a unique work on Mandal and
is remarkable for its richness of informations on the host of
Buddhist as well as Buddhist-Brahmanical deities. The
Ma帽juvara Mandala of the above mentioned work described
different deities, e.g. the sixteen Bodhisattvas, the twelve
p膩ramit膩s, the twelve Vasistas and etc.
Most of these deities are
A perusal of Nispannayog膩val墨, Sadhanam膩l膩 and other
Buddhist texts shows that Buddhism incorporated many Brahma-
nical deities in different manner.
converted to Buddhist faith which are evidenced by the fact
that a large number of these deities are still revered with
great honour in purely Buddhist countries.
The study of the method of classification of the
Brahmanical gods determining their colours and directions are
highly interesting. Sometimes they are given very humiliating
roles and some of the deities are often trampled under the
feet of the angry Buddhist gods to show their aversion to the
Brahmanical faith. Ga峁噀艣a, as for example, is found trampled
by different Buddhist gods. Similarly four important
1. S膩dhanam膩l膩 composed in A.D. 1165..